[TOC]
雅思
1.1 作文开头
开头
作文类型:test1的开头句 | 所用单词 | 备注 |
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折线图 | line chart graph |
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柱状图 | bar chart graph |
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饼图 | pie chart graph |
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图标 | table |
图标说明词
illustrate : show : give a information about |
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compare |
表示数量
可数 | the number of : how many |
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不可数 | the amount of :how much |
表示频率
the frequency of : how often :the periodicity of |
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图标词语
同时 | at the same time : while : meanwhile : in the meantime |
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方式 | way : mean : mode |
工资 | wage :salary : pay |
花费 | cost : spending : expense |
每年 | each year : per year : every year |
家庭 | household : family |
参加 | take part in : participate : engage in |
需求 | the demand for : the need for |
原因 | contributor : reason : factor : be affected by |
范围 | range : scope : extant |
学历 | diploma : degree |
生活贫困 | be poor : live in poverty |
表示未来
it is estimated/ forecast /projected / predicted / that 数据 will do sth |
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the estimation / forecast / prediction/ prediction is that 数据 will do sth |
数据 is estimated / forecast / predicted / projected to do sth |
数据 +will do sth |
1.2 作文概述段
趋势
上升趋势 | increase : see/show/experience an upward trend |
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下降趋势 | decrease :see/show experience a downward trend |
几乎不变 | remian stable/ experience little change |
趋势程度
猛烈 | dramatically/notably dramatic/notable |
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轻微 | slightly /moderately slight/moderate |
开头例文
overall ,it is clear that |
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overall , it can be clearly seen that |
overall , it can be clearly seen from the 图标 that |
overall , the 图表 shows that |
overall, the most striking feature of the 图表 is that |
开头数值表达
初始值 | start at +数据/ at first / in the beginning / in the first place |
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最终值 | end up at +数据 / at last / at the end / finally / eventually |
最高值 | reach the highest point at 数据 / hit a high / hit a peak |
最低值 | reach the lowest point at 数据 / hit a low / hit a trough |
第二周
百分比的表达(静态词)
直接百分比 | 20% |
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百分比做分数 | 几分之一 one/a fifth |
25%的倍数 | 25%= aquarter 50%= a half 75%=three quarters |
准确性的三组词
接近。略低于 | just under nearly almost |
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刚刚超过 | just over |
大约是 | approximately roughly about around |
组成达标占比多少的动词
account for make up constitute |
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表达比较
比…更多 | more ….than |
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比…更少 | fewer..可数名词 …than less….不可数名词….than |
比…一样多 | as+many+可数名词+as as+much+不可数名词+as |
比…的几分之几一样 | 倍数词+as+much+不可数名词+as 倍数词+as+many+可数名词+as |
显著程度
轻微的 | slightly |
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显著的 | significantly |
表达最值
最多的 | the most +名词 |
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最高比例的 | the highest number/percent/amount/proportion of +名词 |
最少的 | the least+名词 |
最低比例的 | the least number/proportion/amount of+名词 |
表达大多数
the majority of + 可数名词复数 + 动词复数 |
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the majority of+不可数名词+动词单数 |
话题切换
in term of +数据/话题 |
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as for +数据/话题 |
as far as+ 数据+/话退 |
数据特征相似
数据A. similarly/likewise+数据B |
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数据A see/show/experience similar trends with 数据B |
数据特征不同
数据A,in comparison 数据B |
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数据A ,while 数据B |
数据A see/show/experience different trends from 数据B |
数据特征相反
数据A. in comparison/ however/on the other hand+数据B |
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数据A see/show/experience opposite trends from 数据B |
下面是动态词
句子结构
动词+复数 |
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形容词+名词 |
变化趋势的方向
趋势类型 | 含义 | 动词原型 | 动词过去式 | 动词过去分词 | 名词形式 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
上升 增加 |
通用 任何程度的增加 |
increase | increased | increased | (an)increase |
rise | rose | risen | a rise | ||
grow | grew | grown | growth | ||
猛烈增加 | rocket | rocketed | rocketed | ||
轻微增加 | (an)uptick | ||||
下降 减少 |
通用表示 | decrease | decreased | decreased | (a)decrease |
fall | fell | fallen | fal | ||
drop | dropped | dropped | (a) drop | ||
猛烈下降 | plummet | plummeted | plummeted | ||
轻微下降 | dip | dipped | dipped | a dip |
描述变化趋势的幅度和速率
趋势类型 | 含义 | 副词 | 形容词 |
---|---|---|---|
变化幅度 | 显著的 | significantly | significant |
急剧的 | sharply | sharp | |
突然大幅度的 | dramatically | dramatic | |
适中的 温和的 |
moderately | moderate | |
不显著的 | insignificantly | insignificant | |
轻微的 | slightly | slight | |
轻微的 | marginally | marginal | |
变化速率 | 快速的 | rapidly | rapid |
缓慢的 | slowly | slow | |
突然的 | suddenly | sudden | |
逐渐的 | gradually | gradual |
整体描述
趋势类型 | 动词原型 | 动词过去式 | 动词过去分词 | 名词形式 |
---|---|---|---|---|
波动 | fluctuate | fluctuated | fluctuated | (a)fluctuate |
保持稳定 | remain stable | remained stable | remained stable | |
保持不变 | stay the same | stayed the same | stayed the same | |
(从增加或减少) 趋于稳定 |
leved off | leveled off | leveled off | |
(从波动)趋于稳定 | stabilize | stabilized | stabilized | |
达到峰值 | hit a high/peak | hit a high/peak | hit a high/peak | |
reach a high/peak | reach a high/peak | reach a high/peak | ||
达到谷值 | hit a trough/low | hit a trough/low | hit a trough/low | |
赶上 超越 | overtake | overtook | overtaken |
介词部分
to | (减少/增加)到 | increased to55kg |
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by | (减少/增加)了 | dipped by5% |
at | 位于 | remained stable at 20 |
from…to | 从…到.. | rise from 20 to 26 |
between…and…. | 在…和…之间 | fluctuate between 5 and 15 |
具体例句
结构 | 数据对象+描述变化动词+副词+具体数据变化 |
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例句 | the number of visitors dropped dramatically from 7 at2021 to 8 at 2023 |
架构 | there is a/an +形容词+名词+in+数据对象+具体变化 |
例句 | there was a dramatic dropped in the number of visitors from 7 to 8 |
常用表达
…..(可数名词)的数量 | the number of |
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…..(不可数名词)的数量 | the amount of |
…的比例 | the percentage/proportion of |
….的销售额 | the sales of |
…..的价格 | the price of |
…..的消耗量 | the consumption of |
图表作文
图的类型
流程图 | diagram flowchart flow chart |
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地图 | map plan |
图表单词
表示变化 | get become change into turn into |
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表示生产 | produce make |
生命周期 | the life cycle of 描述对象 changes in the life of + 描述对象 how+描述对象+evolve |
被称为 | be referred to as be known as |
重新开始 | begin again start afresh start a new |
阶段 | stage phase period |
诞生 | be bron begin life comes into being |
生产过程 | how+描述对象+be made/produced make process of+描述对象 stages in the production of+ 描述对象 |
in the stage, the linestone turned into powder
the diagram gives information about changes in the life of the silkworm
most area in the north of is refer to as(is known as) region A
the diagram shows make process of concrete
写作通用单词
单词 | 词性 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
emit | 动词 | 排放;发射 |
emitted | 形容词 | 排放了的 |
emission | 名词 | 排放物 排放 |
consume | 动词 | 消费 |
consumed | 形容词 | 消耗了的 |
consumption | 名词 | 消耗 |
consumer | 名词 | 消费者 |
spend | 动词 | 花费 |
spent | 形容词 | 花费了的 |
spending | 名词 | 花销 |
produce | 动词 | 生产 |
produced | 形容词 | 生产了的 |
production | 名词 | 生产 |
marry | 动词 | 结婚 |
married | 形容词 | 已婚的 |
marriage | 名词 | 结婚 |
get married | 结婚 | |
divorce | 动词 名词 | 离婚 |
divorced | 形容词 | 离婚了的 |
get a divorce | 离婚 | |
transport | 名词 | 运输 |
transportation | 名词 | 运输方式 |
employ | 动词 | 雇佣 |
employed | 形容词 | 雇佣的 |
employment | 名词 | 雇佣 |
employer | 名词 | 雇主 |
employee | 名词 | 雇员 |
immigrate | 动词 | 移民 |
immigration | 名词 | 移民 |
immigrant | 名词 | 侨民 |
immigration rate | 移民率 | |
migrate | 动词 | 迁徙 |
migration | 名词 | 移民 |
migration rate | 移民率 | |
factories are illegal to emit black smoke into the air because black smoke emission will cause air pollution ,also those emitted black smoke has already harmed the environment。
the table show the employment in AUSTRALIA in 2001,and the bar chart gives information about how many college students were employed in full-time jobs and receiving support form their employers
a lot of immigrants immigrated to the US during the wave of immigration
Many people migrate from large cities to small towns for lower living costs and a better environment.
流程图范文 流程实例
流程图开头句
the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process of doing sth |
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the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process by which sth |
the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process that people follow in order to do sth |
第一步 | 流程开始于… | the process begins with… |
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最后一步 | 流程结束与.. 最后 |
the process ends with…. eventually/finally/ in the end |
第N步 | 接下来是 接下来是 第N步是 |
this is followed by…. next/ than / after that the +序数词+step is… |
衔接步骤 | 完成…后…. | Once/after/when+现在完成时 |
. The diagram shows the process by which the sugar is produced.
. The diagram shows the process that people follow in order to produce sugar..
Once the powder has been delivered to the mixer, the mixer will be sent to theheater.
地图方位类写作
常用单词
表示位置的动词 | stand be situated/located+介词 |
表示位置的介词 | 范围内的方位:on 针对某个参照物:to 上方:at the top of 下方:at the bottom of |
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表示变化的词 | 建筑/出现 add /construct / build 卸载/移除 knock down/remove/replace 扩大 expand 缩小 the size of sth+ be reduced |
方位词 | 北方:north 南方:south 东方:east 西方:west 东北方:northeast 东南方:southeast 西北方:northwest 西南方:southwest |
位置短语 | 毗邻:be next to 包围:be surrounded by |
概括性词汇 | 严重的:severe 普遍的:prevalent |
未来趋势 | speculate estimate predict forecast project |
||
there be+描述对象+方位 描述对象+坐落动词+方位 描述对象+be+坐落动词被动+方位 |
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the building is located in the north there is a city hospital in the north |
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the cinema was constructed in 2010 and was located to the east of east of the school
the old museum was removed,and the size of school was decreased
there are two gardens,one is in the northwest,and the other is in the center, surrounded by seats
over the past decades ,using petrol and oil as main energy source has been prevalent,which can lead to severe environment problems
数量
可数数量 | the number of |
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不可数数量 | the amount of |
现象
this phenomenon
态度常用单词
满意度 | satisfaction |
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态度 | attitude |
观念:认知 | perception |
种类 | category kind type |
国家 | nation country |
区域:地区 | area part region |
除..之外(还) | in addition to other than apart from |
除…之外,其他都 | other than apart from |
TEXT2部分
概括词
4类主题
现象 | 趋势 | 问题 | 讨论 |
---|---|---|---|
phenomenon | trend | problem | discussion |
话题
topic | issue |
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选择
choice | option |
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例句
There is a discussion about whether university students should studywhatever they like or subjects that lead to successful careers. |
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choice about whether to rent or own a home can be made based on earning ability |
表达优点
positive upside |
优点 |
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benefit beneficial |
好处 |
advantage | 优势 |
benefit / positive / upside to doing sth | 有某事的好处 |
表达缺点
negative downside drawback |
缺点 |
---|---|
disadvantage | 劣势 |
downside to doing sth | 做某事的缺点 |
优缺点例句
there are plenty of positives to doing housework,one of them is that doing homework can help us relieves stress |
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Drinking too much coffee has a lot of drawbacks. |
常用语开头段的句型
it is said that+题干信息改写 |
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it has become a noticeable phenomenon / trend / discussion / problem that + 改写 |
it has been a frequent topic of discussion whether …or… |
it has been an interesting topic of discussion whether …or… |
His story interests me. 他的故事使我感到很有趣。
His story is interesting. 他的故事很有趣。
I’m interested in his story. 我對他的故事很有興趣
开头给观点类开头
i completely aggre/disagree that+改写 |
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i believe the advantages of sth(doing sth) outweigh the disadvantages |
i believe the disadvantages of sth(doing sth) outweigh the advantages |
观点开头例句
i believe the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages
写作单词:解决问题
solve an issue |
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solve / address / deal with a problem |
overcome a difficulty 克服困难 |
remedy a situation 改善现状 |
写作单词:因果关系
cause sth / lead to / give rise to 导致 |
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be cause by(由….造成) |
bring about (导致) |
be brought about by 有…造成 |
result in 导致 |
be the result of 是….的结果 |
we need to remedy the situation to make a better society
many problem were brought about by the aging population
写作单词:特殊因果关系
contribute to / play a part in 强调有多种愿意 |
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强调某种因素而马上触发结果:trigger(引起) |
强调影响或导致…改变 affect / have an effect on / have an influence on |
there are a lot of factors contributing to environmental pollution
drinking too much coffee will trigger migraines
rainfall has an influence on plant growth
开头段回答问题但是不需要给观点:回答原因
there are some possible reasons for this (problem phenomenon trend) |
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a few reasons may have given rise to this (trend/ phenomenon / problem) |
开头段回答问题但是不需要给观点:回答措施
there are some possible solutions to address this problem |
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i will propose some potential solutions to this problem |
it is ones responsibility to do sth 做….是…的责任 |
To+目的,…. 人群 should 具体措施+ so that 效果
例句
living in a foreign country is difficult,which will leads to serious social and practical problems
To avoid children,s health problem, parent should give children fresh food so that children can grow up healthily
表达重要性
without ….,…will…,which causes.. 没有…某人会…这会导致 |
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….is/are needed to do 为了做到…,…是必需的 |
…..is / are key to do sth. …..是…的关键 |
….a key part of sth/doing ….是…的一个关键因素 |
sth is essential in sth / doing …对…是必要的 |
Without support organizations, ex-convicts will not find good jobs, which causes them to be financially helpless.
efficient law enforcement measures are needed to prevent criminals from escaping punishment.
Technology is a key part of modern society.
The ability to adapt to the world is essential in staying competitive
Sustainable development is a key part of addressing environmental challenges.
表达重要性,显著性的通用词汇
主要的 | primary / main / leading /major |
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次要的 | minor |
忽略 | neglect |
the minor energy use in lighting
sustainable development has emerged as a primary goal for government
water heating and other appliances are the major energy use
表达其他的观点
some people think / feel / believe / hold that… |
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supporters(适用于所有议题) of… think / feel / believe / hold that… |
advocates(适用于严肃 社会性议题)of … think / feel / believe / hold that… |
it is thought / felt / believed / said that 被认为…. |
supporters of accepting a bad situation hold that we can not change a bad situation.
Advocates of animal rights feel that we should not use animals to do experiments
Some people hold that we should not use animals to do experiments.
it is thought that fast trains can save people’s time a lot more than other transportation
支持者
supports of sth / doing sth |
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people who are for sth/doing sth |
反对者
people who are against sth/doing sth |
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在我看来
personally/ in my opinion+自己的观点 |
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例句
people who are against drinking coffee argue that it is bad for health
Personally, the point of people who are for drinking coffee is wrong because drinking coffee will raise people’s heart rates and make people feel stressed out.
衔接词
nevertheless 然而不过 |
nonetheless 然而不过 |
although 虽然 |
---|---|---|
many people prefer to live in the city for convenience。Nevertheless, i
choose to live in the countryside for its tranquility
功能词
usually often 经常 |
generally 普遍情况 |
seem appearance to do sth 看起来像 |
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sometimes 有时 |
probably 较高可能性 |
tend to do sth 趋向于,往往 |
rarely 极少的 |
possibly 可能性较低 |
|
perhaps 猜 推测 |
In today’s digital age, people rarely rely on traditional print newspapers as their primary news source.
Generally speaking, people tend to be more productive and focused when working in a clean and organized environment.
意味着
meaning that \ | which mean that \ | means that |
---|---|---|
The increasing demand for skilled professionals in various industries has created a competitive job market, which means that individuals need to continuously upgrade their skills to secure rewarding career opportunities
通过…..,某人可以….
by doing something,someone can…. |
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doing something allows someone to do something |
by actively participating in community service, individual can contribute to the betterment of society。
investing in education allows governments to empower future generations and foster economic development
表示“从…角度来说,….”句型
from a/an…. perspective…… |
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from a political perspective,effective governance ensure the protection of citizen’s right and promotes stability
表示让步的句型
admittedly…..has/have some plus points/benefits 诚然…有一些优点 |
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nevertheless, i believe the drawbacks of …… outweigh the benefits 但是,我坚信…缺点大于优点 |
admittedly…..has/have some drawbacks 诚然…有一些优点 |
nevertheless, i believe the benefits of …… outweigh the drawbacks 但是,我坚信…缺点大于优点 |
admittedly, driverless vehicle has some plus point,nevertheless ,i believe the drawbacks of driverless vehicle outweigh the benefits
表明观点的句子
in conclusion,i think the benefits of…. are greater than the drawbacks in conclusion,i think the drawbacks of…. are greater than the benefits |
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in conclusion ,i believe …can bring many positive outcomes ,and therefore i support/hold the belief that 总之,我认为。。。可以带来许多好处,因此我认为 |
ln conclusion, l believe the change in how people interact with each other can bring many positive outcomes, and therefore l hold the belief that this change is a positive development.
结论句:问原因
in conclusion, A and B are some important contributors to… 总的来说,A和B导致了… |
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结论句:问优缺点
in conclusion,…. have/has some upsides。such as A and B,while C and D are some of their drawbacks 总的来说,A和B是他的优点,但是C和D是缺点 |
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结论句:问措施
in conclusion, to solve this problem, …..need/needs to establish……and implement…… 为了解决….,…需要建立, ……需要执行 |
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ln conclusion, the needs for a sense of belonging and a stable life are some important contributors to the preference.
ln conclusion, to solve this problem, governments need to establish comprehensive food security policies and implement sustainable agricultural practices worldwide.
TEXT2: 1→ 环境类
思路
环境保护的重要性
全球变暖→海平面上升→人们面临家园被淹没的风险 |
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污染→空气和水变脏→危害群众健康 |
森林减少→栖息地减少→动物灭绝→生物多样性(biodiversity)没了 |
极端天气增多→极热或极寒→人和动物都有生命和经济损失 |
资源短缺→人们的日常需求无法满足 |
环境保护的手段
政府
修建更好的交通设施 → 人们减少使用私家车 → 减轻污染 |
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投资清洁能源或可再生能源 → 取代传统燃料 → 解决资源短缺和污染 修建更好的交通设施 → 人们减少使用私家车 → 减轻污染 |
企业
发明混合能源车辆 → 减少资源短缺 → 减少污染 |
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减少产品过度包装 → 减少塑料垃圾 |
节约用电 → 减少资源浪费 |
个人
回收垃圾 → 减少资源浪费 → 减少垃圾污染 |
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选择公共交通 → 降低碳排放 → 减少污染 |
相关单词、短语与例句
保护环境的重要性:单词
global warming 全球变暖 |
waste 垃圾 |
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sea level 海平面 |
recyclable waste 可回收垃圾 |
flooding 洪水 |
non-recyclable waste 可回收垃圾 |
destroy 毁灭 |
harmful waste 有害垃圾 |
waste water 废水 |
waste production 垃圾制造 |
released…into 排放进 |
reside 居住 |
air pollution 空气污染 |
resident / occupant 居民 |
health problem/issue 健康问题 |
residence 居民 |
greenhouse gas/gases 温室气体 |
resident area housing area 居住区 |
drop litters 乱丢垃圾 |
infrastructure 基础设施 |
deforestation 毁灭树林 |
construct 建造 |
the loss of habitat 栖息地的减少 |
construction 建造 |
extinction 灭绝 |
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food chain 食物链 |
|
biodiversity 生物多样性 |
|
extreme weather 极端天气 |
|
natural disaster 自然灾害 |
|
drought 干旱 |
|
run out/ use up 用尽 |
|
water crisis 水资源危机 |
|
resource shortage 资源短缺 |
|
energy consumption 能源消耗 |
|
meet…ones daily needs 满足某人的需求 |
环境保护重要性:例句
deforestation will bring about the loss of habitat, causing extinction and destroying ecosystem stability |
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resource shortage,such as water crisis, needs to be emphasized because it is likely that resource on earth can not meet peoples daily needs in the future |
The meaning of separating the waste into recyclable and non-recyclable waste is to better dispose of them and reduce their environmental harm, especially for harmful waste. |
保护环境措施:单词
tackle solve address deal with 处理 |
product with less packing 包装简单的产品 |
---|---|
build bicycle lanes 建自行车道 |
recycle housework waste 回收家庭垃圾 |
clean energy 清洁能源 |
recyclable material 可回收材料 |
environmentally friendly 环保的 |
reuse shopping bags 重复使用购物袋 |
laws and regulations 法律法规 |
reduce waste 减少垃圾 |
take responsibility for sth 承担…责任 |
save water 节水 |
impose a ban on sth 禁止 |
save electricity 节约用电 |
protect endangered species 保护珍稀物种 |
turn off the lights when leaving 离开时关灯 |
wildlife conservative 野生动物保护 |
buy energy-efficient products 买节能产品 |
fossil fuel 化石燃料 |
separate waste 垃圾分类 |
renewable energy source 可再生能源 |
|
nuclear energy 核能 |
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solar energy 太阳能 |
环境保护措施:例句
the government should take responsibility for air pollution treatment by imposing a ban on releasing waste gas without treatment and building bicycle lanes |
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enterprises should abandon fossil fuels,adopt renewable energy sources ,such as unclear and solar energy, and improve their energy-saving technologies |
TEXT2: 2→ 科技类
思路
科技人际关系思路
影响 | 具体内容 |
---|---|
正面影响 | 最容易想到的就是,距离的阻碍消除了。过去,如果想要与远方的家人朋友联系,我们只能选择亲自去他们所在的地方,或者用邮寄书信的方式往来。但现在,无论在生活还是工作中,我们都可以实现异地交流。在生活中,我们可以异地聊天;在工作中,我们可以开远程会议。 其次,沟通的时效性增强了。过去,我们沟通要依赖写信。但现在有了微信、QQ等即时通讯软件后,我们可以几乎无延迟地接收和发送信息。 最后,是沟通渠道变得多元化。这个可以从两方面来说。第一,交友途径变多了,我们可以使用多种社交软件建立社交关系,比如微信(WeChat)、豆瓣(Dou ban)、微博(Weibo)等。第二,沟通形式变得丰富了,我们可以借助多种信息载体,比如文字、音频、视频、图片等来表达我们的想法和情感。 三大维度:距离,时效,渠道 距离、时间、渠道这三大维度 |
反面影响 | 过度沉迷于网络世界 → 容易使人封闭在自己的空间 → 人们的人际交流能力下降 → 在真实的社交环境中感到不适应、出现交流障碍 从集体或社会层面来看,当大家都对科技上瘾时,就可能会降低人们之间相处的质量。比如: 朋友聚会时,大家都只顾着各自刷手机 → 缺乏人与人之间的真实沟通 过于依赖和信任网上的信息,不能辨别虚假信息 → 造成虚假信息的传播 → 引起误解 → 破坏人们之间的信任 → 阻碍人际关系的发展 |
科技与工作方式
影响 | 具体内容 |
---|---|
正面影响 | 最容易想到肯定还是时空上的便利性。比如: 1:互联网 + 沟通协作软件 → 可以让人们灵活选择办公地点,并且实时沟通 除此之外,还有工具的升级。比如: 2:办公软件,如Excel的出现 → 轻松计算并整理数据 → 提升工作效率: 除了上面提到的,科技发展带来另一个新趋势就是任务分配方式的改变。比如: 3:机器人完成机械化、流程化、危险系数高的工作 → 把人从体力劳动中解放出来 → 人们去做更高级的工作 4:人工智能(AI)能够快速从大批量文档中提取关键信息并分类 → 大大减少人工处理信息的时间 → 人们去做更高级的工作 |
反面影响 | 首先,最直接的就是,工作中过度使用科技会危害身心健康,进而降低工作质量和效率。比如: 1:长时间使用计算机或电子设备 → 过长的屏幕使用时间 → 过度用眼,视力下降 → 更容易读错信息,造成工作上的失误,工作质量降低;或因为需要花更多精力读取信息,从而工作效率降低 2:长时间在电脑前工作,久坐不起 → 肥胖、颈椎病等健康问题 → 无法全身心投入工作,甚至需要休长时间的病假 → 影响工作 其次,使用过程中可能存在信息安全隐患。比如: 3:使用互联网 → 被黑客入侵,信息泄露 → 财产损失 这里你会发现,第一种思路在实际去写的时候,也会用到很多和健康相关的词汇。在雅思写作Task 2当中,你很可能会用到好几类话题思路来回答一道题,所以全面地积累思路和语料是很有必要的。 |
科技与贫富差距
影响 | 具体内容 |
---|---|
缩小差距 | 首先,科技的发展为所有人,包括贫困的群体,都带来了更多积累财富的机会。比如 1:网络商业平台的出现 → 提供更多就业和创业机会 → 给人们带来更多收入来源 → 缩小贫富差距其次, 科技带来了更多教育资源。比如 2:线上教育资源 → 让人们不受地域和空间的限制,都能接受教育 → 更多人能在线上学到知识和技能 → 获得更好的就业机会 → 缩小贫富差距 3:线上公开课程 → 受教育的成本降低,机会增多 → 更好的就业机会 → 缩小贫富差距 最后,科技的发展使得生活成本降低,比如: 4:科技提高生产效率 → 生活必需品的生产成本下降 → 生活必需品的价格降低 → 对贫困人群来说,更容易解决温饱问题,满足基本的生活需求 → 缩小贫富差距 综合上面这些情况来看,我们可以说,科技缩小了贫富差距。 |
扩大差距 | 上一部分讲到,科技影响了人们赚钱的机会和能力。但辩证地来看,这一现象也有可能会造成贫富差距的扩大,使得富人更富,穷人更穷。 首先,富人更富,具体来说,可能是:富人通常都拥有不可替代的技术、知识、能力,而这些正是推动科技发展的要素。因此,科技越是发展,这些人越是获益。 而穷人更穷,可能是因为:他们往往都缺乏赚钱的机会或者能力,所以通常从事重复性或技术含量更低的工作。然而,随着科技的发展,很多这样的工作都被机器所取代,这些穷人就会失业。更具体的例子可以是:人脸识别技术的广泛应用,可能会替代传统的门卫,这样门卫就可能会失业了。 因此,从这些角度来看,科技也可能会令贫富差距进一步扩大。 |
相关单词、短语与例句
科技与人际关系:单词
facilitate 使便利 |
picture 图片 |
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physically travel to see someone 亲自去见某人 |
emoji 表情符号 |
instant messaging tools 即时通讯工具 |
video messaging 视频聊天 |
communicate without barriers 无障碍交流 |
hinder interpersonal relationships 妨碍人际关系 |
give instant access to information 提供及时信息 |
forms of entertainment 娱乐方式 |
without any delay 没有延时 |
addictive 沉迷的,上瘾的 |
in real time 实时 |
physically present 在场 |
become widely available 变的广泛可用 |
miss the communication with others 错过与他人的交流 |
social media 社交媒体 |
….detach us from.. 使我们脱离 |
social network website 社交网站 |
adolescent teenager youth 年轻人 |
surf the Internet 上网冲浪 |
less socially active 社交活动变少 |
friends form all walks of life 各行各业的朋友 |
develop healthy relationships 发展健康关系 |
diversify 多样化 |
an alarming social phenomenon 一个令人担心的问题 |
means of communication 交流方式 |
mental problem 心里问题 |
text words 言语文字 |
a dangerous distraction 危险的分散注意力的行动 |
loneliness 孤独 |
科技与人际关系:例句
the Internet diversifies our means of communication,and we can make friends with all walks of life through social networking website |
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when your friends are physically present, everyone is addicted to social media,thus missing the communication with others and hindering interpersonal relationships |
being addicted to Internet will detach us from real life and make us less social active,impeding us from developing healthy relationships |
being addicted to the Internet for a long time will cause mental problems。 for example, the quality of social life will decrease, creating a sense of loneliness. |
科技与工作方式:单词
the advent of Internet 互联网的出现 |
deterioration of eyesight 视力恶化 |
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a flexible working schedule 灵活的工作安排 |
mass production 大量生产 |
video conferencing 视频会议 |
information security risk 信息安全风险 |
virtual online offices 虚拟在线网络 |
get hacked 被黑客攻击 |
tabulate 制成表格 |
information leakage 信息泄露 |
spell-checker 拼写检察器 |
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office software 办公软件 |
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improve work efficiency 提高工作效率 |
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online resource 在线资源 |
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distant learning and working 远程工作学习 |
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reduce risks at work 降低工作的危险 |
|
chemical experiment 化学实验 |
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long screen time 屏幕使用时间很长 |
科技与工作方式:例句
on the one hand, online resources make distant learning and working possible. on the other hand, long screen time will bring about health problems,such as deterioration of eyesight |
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the Internet brings about information security risks, such as getting hacked and information leakage, which will cause property damage |
科技对贫富差距的影响:单词
benefit from… 从…中获益 |
online open course 网上公开课 |
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human labor 人力劳动 |
educational cost 教育成本 |
repetitive work 重复性工作 |
create employment opportunity 制造就业机会 |
become unemployed 失业 |
improve efficiency and productivity 提高生产效率 |
be further widened 进一步拓展 |
basic necessary of life 生活必需品 |
online business platform 网络商业平台 |
科技对贫富差距的影响:短语
technology will narrow the wealth gap because there are many online open resources ,lowering educational costs. in addition, online business platforms create employment opportunities |
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TEXT2:3→ 教育类
思路
思路:教育目的
个人需求 | 实用性需求 | 就业需求 → 社会竞争大,需要找到好工作。再具体一点,好工作可能是: 1:待遇不错的工作 2:社会地位高的工作 3:符合个人兴趣的工作 4:前景光明的工作 个人发展:追求个人发展 → 需要更综合、更全面的发展,比如培养个人的: 1:批判性思维 2:合作能力 3:批判性思维 4:合作能力 5:沟通能力 6:组织和管理能力 |
---|---|---|
非实用性需求 (精神层面) |
发展兴趣爱好 → 更深入地学习自己感兴趣的领域,获得更多快乐和享受 | |
社会需求 | 社会的实用性需求 (物质层面) |
促进社会发展 → 各个领域都需要顶尖人才,为社会进步做贡献 |
社会的非实用性需求 (精神层面) |
提升全民素质 → 追求更和谐的社会,避免战争和冲突,需要提升人们的认知和素养 | |
满足需求 | 满足个人 | 需要找到好工作 → 在学校学习知识和技巧,制定职业规划 → 提升就业竞争力 追求个人发展 → 在学校参与课外活动 → 开拓眼界 → 获得更综合、全面的发展 认识来自不同文化和社会经济背景的同学 接触到最前沿的产物,如人工智能 参与各种讲座和会议,了解学术界的最新科研成果 |
满足社会 | 大学提供对某个专业的深入学习 → 以培养出在某一领域的顶尖人才 → 这些人走入社会,促进社会的发展 |
思路:教育手段
教学人员 | 施教人员的专业性 | 不同的教育方式可能意味着施教人员在知识储备、教学经验、使用的教学手段上有所不同 |
---|---|---|
教学双方身份的平等性 | 在某些教育方式中,教师的权威性可能更加突出,而在其他方式中则可能更加平等 | |
教学方式 | 教学的灵活性和针对性 | 教育方式的个性化程度。灵活的教育方式可以根据学生的不同学习需求和能力调整学习方案和学习任务。 |
教学的侧重点 | 指教学目标在重心上的不同,比如是强调应试能力还是素质教育,是侧重于单个学科的深度学习研究还是更综合性的全面学习,是侧重职业技能教育还是学术教育, | |
学习方式和内容的多样性 | 不同的教育方式可能会给学生提供不同的选择,以满足他们的不同需求 |
相关单词、短语与例句
教育目的:单词
help find a good job 帮助找到一份好工作 |
independent thinking skill 独立思考的能力 |
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a well-paid job 待遇不错的工作 |
reading and writing skill 读写能力 |
a job that fits personal interests 符合个人兴趣的工作 |
foreign language skill 外语能力 |
a job that is in a promising industry 前途光明的社会 |
leadership skill 领导能力 |
teacher essential knowledge and skills for work 学习工作必需的技能 |
problem-solving skill 解决问题的能力 |
help student create their career plan 帮助学生做职业规划 |
computer skill 计算机能力 |
lay the foundation for 为…打基础 |
social skill 社交能力 |
prepare them for employment 帮助他们为就业打基础 |
teamwork skill 团队能力 |
enter the job market 进入就业市场 |
co-operative-skill 合作能力 |
develop critical thinking 发展批判思维 |
communication skill 沟通能力 |
extra-curricular activity 课外活动 |
think independently 独立思考 |
broaden their knowledge about 扩展他们的…知识 |
develop good learning habits 发展好的学习习惯 |
encourage imagination 激发想象力 |
AI 人工智能 |
expand ones Outlook/ vision/horizons 扩展某人视野 |
get to know the latest research results in the academia 了解学术的最新成果 |
limit / restrict one’s outlook vision / horizon 限制想象力 |
study for the interest 为了兴趣学习 |
fulfill / achieve one‘s potential 激发某人潜力 |
attend lectures and conferences 参加讲座与会议 |
limit / restrict ones potential 限制某人的潜力 |
talent in a specific field 某一领域的顶尖人才 |
promote social responsibility 增强社会责任 |
|
voluntary activity unpaid service non-profit social work 公益活动 |
教育目的:例句
universities should prepare students for employment,In addition,they help students create career plans, which lays the foundation for entering the job market |
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education can help students obtain all-round development. For example, learning to write an essay can help develop critical thinking, reading can broaden their outlook and encourage imagination |
students who learn for the sake of learning itself can develop good learning habits. they often get to know the latest research results in academia consciously and would like to think independently about the knowledge they learn |
parents should help children to study for the interest and help them develop good learning habits at an early age |
parents should foster children’s social responsibility early by encouraging them to participate in unpaid service |
教育方式:单词
peer 同龄人 |
teach their children good manners 教给孩子行为良好 |
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peer pressure 同龄人压力 |
have an influence on 有..影响力 |
schooling 学校教育 |
be understanding and supportive 体谅并支持 |
homeschooling 家庭教育 |
one on one 一对一 |
learning outcome 学习效果 |
fail to fair 无法提供 |
teaching method 学习方法 |
tuition fee 学费 |
parenting style 育儿方式 |
a flexible way of learning 一种灵活的学习方式 |
build strong family bonds 增强亲情 |
a lack of flexibility 缺乏灵活性 |
emotional needs for children 孩子的情感需求 |
follow school rules 遵守校规 |
set a good example for sb 为….树立榜样 |
well-behaved student 行为良好的学生 |
role model 榜样 |
regular attendance 按时出勤 |
pay attention in class 上课认知听 |
|
learn more efficiently 更高效学习 |
|
reduce distractions 减少分心 |
|
make sb concentrate on sth 使某人集中在某物 |
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distract sb form sth 分散某人在某物的注意力 |
|
behave badly 表现很差 |
|
disruption student 不守纪律的学生 |
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drop out of school 辍学 |
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bad behaviour 不良行为 |
self-expression 自我表达 |
bad language 脏话 |
a strict dress code 严格的穿衣风格 |
a form of punishment 承接方式 |
on-campus violence 校园暴力 |
emotional punishment 感情上的惩戒 |
foster creativity 培养创造力 |
guide children to distinguish the difference between good and bad 引导孩子分辨对错 |
constrain creativity 限制创造力 |
a sense of responsibility duty obligation 责任感 |
arouse one‘s curiosity 激发某人的好奇心 |
honesty 诚实 |
rear 抚养 |
damage one’s self-confidence 打击信心 |
child rearing 抚养孩子 |
creativity 创造力 |
mature grown 成熟的 |
grown-up 成年的 大人 |
教育方式:例句
teaching methods and teaching outcomes are various dimensions to measure the quality of schooling |
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parents should pay attention to emotional needs of children, which will build strong family bonds |
parents should not only be understanding and supportive but also need to teach their children good manners |
well-behaved student develop self-discipline from an early age。 following school rules and regular attendance are easy for them, so they are usually good at studying and getting high score/ marks |
parents should employ a from of punishment to deal with children‘s misbehaviour |
emotional punishment may damage children’s confidence and self-expression |
TEXT2:4→工作类
思路
思路:工作的意义
实用层面 | 获得社会资源:金钱、权力、人脉 实现职业发展 掌握工作技能 → 成为更有价值的雇员 获得工作经验 → 获得更多的求职机会 |
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非实用层面 | 实现自我价值 成就感 满足感 目的感 做义务和慈善工作,,,,,回馈社会 |
实用性意义
- 赚钱 → 孩子有零花钱,可以承担自己的开支,分担家庭的经济压力
- 锻炼实用技能 → 将来找工作时更容易获得工作机会
- 获取工作经验 → 简历更加丰富 → 在申请学校/工作时脱颖而出
- ……
非实用性意义
- 锻炼责任心 → 为自己的行为和结果负责
- 培养金钱观念 → 知道赚钱不容易 → 养成计划开支的好习惯
- ……
总结一下,不论题目长什么样,只要它的核心问题是“工作有什么意义”、“有什么好处”、“人为什么要工作”,我们都可以从实用和非实用两个方面分类讨论。
思路:工作满意度
从正面论证:
金钱因素
- 如果有高薪资和福利 → 就能养活自己、养家、实现经济独立 → 工作满意度提高
工作环境
- 如果有舒适的办公环境 → 就能心情愉悦、工作效率高 → 工作满意度提高
晋升空间
- 如果有晋升机会 → 就能知道自己的努力是有目标、有结果的 → 提升工作动力 → 工作满意度提高
工作氛围
- 如果同级之间互相尊重、上司提供支持 → 就能在工作时有归属感 → 工作满意度提高
自我实现空间
- 如果工作符合个人兴趣/有创造空间 → 就能激发灵感,乐于接受挑战 → 提高工作自主性 → 工作满意度提高
从反面论证:
工作时长
- 如果工作时间过久 → 就过于疲惫、工作效率低 → 没有work-life balance(工作与生活的平衡) → 工作满意度降低
通勤时间
- 如果通勤时间过长 → 就浪费时间、无意义地消耗精力 → 工作满意度降低
思路:求职条件
硬实力
- 教育背景
- 学习成绩
- 工作技能
- 工作经验
软实力
- 面试表现
- 沟通能力
- 工作态度
- 性格
真思路
- 提出中心句:“我认为XXX很重要。”
- 解释情景:解释这个论点成立的具体情景。
- 正面推理或反面推理:正面:如果有XXX,就能带来什么好处;反面:如果没有XXX,就会造成什么不好的后果。
这三步能够帮助你搭建一个“证明某事很重要”的完整逻辑框架。我们分别用两个例子来看一下怎么应用。
- 中心句:我认为面试表现非常重要。
- 解释情景:许多候选人的基础条件都非常优秀,面试是进一步区分候选人的过程。
- 正面推理:如果有优异的面试表现,就能从相似条件的人中脱颖而出。
- 中心句:我认为大学学历对于找工作很重要。
- 解释情景:大学学历是许多公司招聘的门槛。
- 反面推理:如果没有大学学历,就会在简历筛选时被淘汰,就不能找到合适的工作。
相关单词、短语与例句
工作的意义:单词
generate income 创造收入 |
gain work experience 获取工作经验 |
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pay for your own living expense 自己负责生活费 |
develop a sense of responsibility 发展责任心 |
financial independent 经济独立 |
enter the workplace 进入职场 |
improve living conditions 提高生活水平 |
a sense of achievement 成就感 |
career development 职业发展 |
take the consequence for their behaviour and choices 为他们的行为和选择负责 |
further one‘s career 扩展某人的事业 |
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develop practical skills 发展实用技能 |
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become a valuable employee 成为一个有价值的员工 |
|
offer job opportunities 提供工作机会 |
|
chance of promotion 晋升机会 |
工作的意义:例句
jobs help people to achieve financial independent, allowing individuals improve living conditions and ease the financial burden on their parents, and pursue career development opportunities to further their career |
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gaining work experience through internships can help individuals develop practical skills,become a valuable employees,and increase their chances of promotion |
工作满意度:单词
staff/ worker 员工 |
the schedule is filled with work 日程填满时间表 |
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pay and benefits 福利薪资 |
have a personal life 享受个人时间 |
workplace 工作地点 |
routine word 工作惯例 |
facility 设施 |
work overtime 工作超时 |
a pleasant working environment 舒适的工作环境 |
work overload 工作负担过大 |
job satisfaction 工作满意度 |
exhausted 疲劳的 |
boost job efficiency 提高工作效率 |
reduce the average commute time 降低通勤时间 |
sick pay 医疗补助 |
become more motivated 更有动力 |
paid holidays 带薪假期 |
be in charge of sth 负责某项工作 |
work schedule 工作计划 |
peer 同级 |
mutually respect each other 彼此尊重 |
inspiring 激发灵感 |
relationship with supervisor 和上级的关系 |
job prospect 工作前景 |
supportive relationship 支持性关系 |
a stable career 一份稳定的工作 |
equal relationship 平等关系 |
job security 工作稳定性 |
a sense of belonging 归属感 |
jobless people 失业人员 |
match ones personal interests 符合个人兴趣 |
工作满意度:例句
in a pleasant working environment,there will be convenient facilities to help staff,which will boost job efficiency |
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mutually respect each other in the workplace will create supportive and equal relationships |
求职条件:单词
job applicant 求职者 |
hard skills 硬技能 |
---|---|
college degree 大学文凭 |
loyalty 忠诚 |
recruit employees 招聘员工 |
win ones favour 获取青睐 |
job requirement 职位要求 |
physical work 体力劳动 |
academic achievement 成绩 |
mental work 脑力劳动 |
interview performance 面试表现 |
stand out from the candidates 从应聘者中脱颖而出 |
experienced 有经验的 |
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internship experience 实习经验 |
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demonstrate competence in… 能胜任某项工作 |
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soft skills 软实力 |
求职条件:例句
many companies prioritize college degree when recruiting employees, as they consider them essential for meeting job requirements and demonstrating both academic achievement and practical skills |
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having an impressive interview performance is crucial for job applicants to demonstrate competence in a specific field ,especially,when they may not have extensive internship experience |
TEXT2:5→金钱
思路
思路:金钱的作用
对个人
- 实用需求(物质):解决基本的温饱/住宿问题、购物
- 非实用需求(精神):追求知识、发展兴趣爱好、享乐
对国家
- 实用需求:发展经济,解决国民基本的医疗、住房等社会问题
- 非实用需求:发展文化、艺术、体育等产业,提升国家的软实力
列出这些观点后,在具体展开论证时,我们可以通过分情况讨论,来具象化这些观点。比如,我们可以把个人的需求按富裕程度的不同来分情况讨论:
极度贫困的人
- 解决温饱
- 获得住宿
有基本生活保障的人
- 赡养家人
- 接受教育
更富裕的人
- 追求新奇体验
- 购买更精美的物品
- 发展兴趣爱好
同样的分情况讨论还可以用于回答金钱对国家的作用。拿不同的国家举例,钱能满足的需求也有差别:
贫困国家
- 解决国民基本生存问题,如食物、饮水、住房等
发达国家
- 为国民提供更好的生活条件,如医疗、教育、科技等
这道题实际上在问金钱是否能带来幸福。前面我们讲了很多金钱能满足的需求,你可以直接利用这部分思路,论证这些需求被满足后人能感到幸福。这里老师要提醒你在审题时要仔细看,这道题的问法比较特殊,你要同意的观点是否定的(“any additional increase in economic wealth does not make its citizens happier”,额外的经济和财富增长不会增加公民幸福感)。所以你在表达立场时要说:我反对这个观点,因为我认为金钱会增加公民的幸福感。原因是:
对公民个人来说,财富可以让一个人:
- 获得优渥的生活条件 → 提升生活质量 → 增强幸福感
- 做自己想做的事 → 发展个人爱好 → 增强幸福感
对整个国家来说,财富增长可以:
发展高端医疗技术 → 治愈更多的疾病 → 提高公民幸福感
发展高水平教育 → 提供丰富的学习机会和资源 → 提高公民幸福感
思路:金钱的分配模式
贫富差距的好处
- 对个人:起激励作用 → 那些从事高难度工作或对社会做出巨大贡献的人,值得更多的报酬
- 对社会:增强公民的工作动机 → 满足社会对人才的需求 → 推进社会的发展,给整个国家带来许多经济效益 → 政府的投资能够得到更好的回报
贫富差距的坏处
- 对个人:财富分配失均时 → 引起穷人的不满 → 滋生反社会情绪 → 引发违法犯罪
- 对社会:贫富差距过大 → 政府需要花更多的钱支持穷人、提供更多的工作机会、赡养老人等 → 增大政府的压力
从正面说:
对个人:
- 医护人员和教师等人为社会做出的贡献大 → 值得更多的报酬
对社会
- 对医护人员和教师提高奖励 → 激励更多的人投身这类工作 → 提升社会整体的教育和医疗水平
从反面说:
- 如果娱乐界人士收入过高 → 吸引更多的人投身娱乐行业 → 实用行业的就业吸引力下降 → 不利于经济发展
政府资金要满足的需求 → 促进国家发展
如果学生们的科学素养高 → 能够保障国家的科技发展
- → 科技发展可以推动医疗、教育、环境和社会保障等其他领域的持续发展 → 提升国家整体生活水平
- → 科技发展可以带来技术创新、产业升级 → 能给整个国家带来许多经济效益
→ 因此,政府的投资就能够得到更好的回报
反之,如果投入其他学科,比如艺术类 → 这些学科更关注文化传承、艺术创新等 → 无法解决实际问题,对经济的贡献相对有限 → 不如投资科学
相关单词、短语与例句
金钱的作用:单词
make money earn money 赚钱 |
government spending 政府支出 |
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need 需求 |
poor country 贫困 国家 |
basic need 基本需求 |
tax people‘s country 向人们征税 |
demand 需求 |
enterprise firm company 企业 |
desire 渴望 |
profit and loss 盈利与亏损 |
make ends meet 收支平衡 |
media attention 媒体关注 |
rent 租金 |
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living cost 生活费 |
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standard of living 生活水平 |
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afford sth 买得起某物 |
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be too expensive for sb 超过某人的消费能力 |
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clean water 净水 |
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shelter 庇护所 |
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military 军事 |
金钱的作用:例句
developing countries often face challenges in generating sufficient revenue,which hinders their ability to implement effective policies。 however,developed countries have more robust system in place to tax people’s income and allocate fund for development |
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金钱的分配模式:单词
reward 奖品 |
violate lows 触犯法律 |
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highly risk job 高危工作 |
commit a crime 犯罪 |
astronaut 宇航员 |
place a heavy burden on the government 增大政府的眼里 |
construction worker 建筑工人 |
financial support 财政支持 |
justified 合情合理的 |
financial issue 财政话题 |
demanding job 高要求的工作 |
financial burden 财政负担 |
jobs that demand rare talent and hard work 需要天赋与努力的工作 |
job opportunity 工作机会 |
make great contributions to 为社会做出巨大贡献 |
sufficient labor 充足的劳动力 |
those think high incomes are unfair 那些认为高收入不公平的人 |
support a family 养家糊口 |
wealth gap inequality 不公正 |
saving 储蓄 |
meet society‘s demand for talents 满足社会对人才的需求 |
|
generate economic benefits 带来经济效益 |
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boost the economy 促进经济发展 |
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feel resentment toward the rich 对富人不满 |
金钱的分配模式:例句
highly risk jobs such as astronaut or construction worker often require exceptional skills and bravery,Therefore, offering substantial reward is crucial to attracting individuals to undertake these demanding jobs |
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TEXT2:6→犯罪
思路
思路:犯罪的原因与预防
所谓内在原因,就是人/物自身产生的因素,而外在原因指的是外界环境产生的因素。利用这个框架,我们可以把导致一个人犯罪的原因归类:
内在原因
- 性格问题:个体性格孤僻、共情力低下、反社会人格等
- 法律意识淡薄:个体法律知识少、藐视法律等
外在原因
- 人际关系:与周围人关系不佳或有矛盾、被周围人教唆犯罪
- 社会原因:遭受社会不公正的对待、对某种社会现象不满
- 经济原因:经济形势下滑,导致贫困、失业、遭遇经济变故而难以生存
- 法律体系漏洞:立法执法环节中有监管盲区,被人钻空子
我们来拿一道真题看一下,对具体的题目,我们应该怎么回答。
Many ex-prisoners continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can we solve this problem?
题目问:“刑满释放人员在受到惩罚后仍继续犯罪。为什么会出现这种情况?怎么解决这个问题?”
这道题的犯罪主体就是非常具体的“ex-prisoners”,前科犯。他们与初次犯罪的人最大的区别就在于,他们已经受过了刑罚,但是依然再次犯罪。我们按照前面列出的主观和客观原因来思考,并把它们具象化到具体的场景之中。
拿这道题来说,出狱后的罪犯面临的最大问题可能是如何重新融入社会,所以我们可以围绕这一点来展开。因此,他们再次犯罪的原因可能是:
内在原因
- 性格问题:报复心重 → 惩罚加重了对社会的仇视 → 再犯罪
- 思想观念:在狱中并未完全被改造 → 再犯罪
外在原因
- 人际关系:入狱导致家人、朋友等的离散 → 社会关系破裂 → 再犯罪
- 社会原因:社会对罪犯有偏见 → 受到歧视 → 产生仇恨敌对情绪 → 再犯罪
- 经济原因:受到歧视 → 找不到工作 → 缺乏经济来源,无法支持生活 → 再犯罪
- 法律体系漏洞:出狱后缺乏监管 → 再犯罪
那么,针对这些原因,我们就可以提出相应的解决措施。
针对内在原因
- 针对报复心重 → 执法部门提高执法能力,增强法律的威慑效果 → 防止再犯罪
- 针对没有被完全改造 → 执法部门加强服刑人员思想教育 → 防止再犯罪
针对外在原因
- 针对社会关系破裂 → 政府建立出狱人士支持组织,提供社交机会和心理咨询服务 → 增强社会归属感 → 防止再犯罪
- 针对受到社会偏见 → 政府加强社会宣传工作,减轻大众对出狱人员的抵触 → 有助于出狱人员回归社会 → 防止再犯罪
- 针对找不到工作 → 政府在狱中开展职业技能教育,并提供出狱人员工作机会,保障其基本生活 → 防止再犯罪
- 针对缺乏有效监管 → 执法部门建立完善严格的追踪系统 → 防止再犯罪
到这里,我们已经发散出了很多论点,你可以自己动笔写写消化一下这部分内容。
思路:犯罪的处理方式
一般情况下,我们最先想到就是伸张正义,让罪犯罪有应得。但今天,我们可以学到更深远的目的,比如维护社会秩序、降低犯罪率、保护公民安全等。老师给你提供一个分情况讨论的框架,我们可以分别从罪犯、社会和司法体系这三个角度去讨论某个处罚会带来什么影响,从而判断它们的优缺点:
对罪犯
- 是否让罪犯受到了应有的惩罚?
- 是否达到了改造罪犯的目的?
对社会
- 是否能够震慑潜在罪犯,降低犯罪率?
- 是否能够维护社会安定,保护公众权益?
对司法体系
- 是否高效?
- 是否足够公平公正?
我们用一道典型的真题来练习
相关单词、短语与例子
再犯罪的原因:单词
convict criminal lawbreaker law offenders 罪犯 |
be released form prison 出狱 |
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thief 小偷 |
get detached from 脱离 |
murderer 杀人犯 |
social relations 社会关系 |
first-time offender 初犯 |
break down 破裂 |
ex-convict ex-prisoner 有前科的人 |
be not accepted by society 不被社会认可 |
repeat offender 惯犯 |
discrimination 歧视 |
offend violate the law break the law commit crime 犯罪 |
prejudice 偏见 |
become a criminal 变成罪犯 |
be prejudicially treated 受到区别对待 |
reoffend re-offend 再次犯罪 |
financially helpless 经济困难的 |
pose a threat to society 危害社会 |
|
seek revenge on society 报复社会 |
|
seek revenge on the victime 复仇导致入狱的受害者 |
|
have no respect for the law 对法律不尊重 |
再犯罪的原因:例句
first-time offenders should be given a chance at rehabilitation rather then immediately labelled a lifelong criminals,thus preventing them form reoffend |
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murders have no respect for laws,they are likely to seek revenge on society after being released form prison |
upon being released form prison,criminals often struggle to rebuild their society relations,as the period of imprisonment made them detached from society |
ex-prisoners always face discrimination and can not be accepted by society,which may lead to them financial helpless |
应对再次犯罪的措施:单词
for the law enforcement 针对执法系统 |
judge 法官 |
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improve lan enforcement 提高执法能力 |
lawyer 律师 |
for the law itself 针对法律本身 |
establish support organisations 成立支持组织 |
unfair 不公平 |
offer counselling services 提供咨询服务 |
effective supervision 有效监督 |
start set up establish 建立设立 |
deter sb from committing a crime 阻止别人犯罪 |
set up a support centre |
increase the number of police officers on the street 加大巡警的数量 |
set up a fund 创立一个基金会 |
combat crimes 打击法嘴 |
start/establish a new policy 设立一个新的政策 |
prevent crimes 阻止犯罪 |
start/establish a set of regulation 设立一套规则 |
reinforce the law enforcement 加强执法部门 |
offer/ provide vacational training 提供就业培训 |
enforce the law 强制实施法律 |
offer/provide after-prison support 提供出狱后的支持 |
enforce the regulation 强制实施规章 |
help them have a fresh start 支持他们一个新的开始 |
enforce the policy 强制实施政策 |
criminal records 犯罪记录 |
establish an advanced tracking system 建立先进的追踪系统 |
应对再次犯罪的措施:例句
to effective prevent crime,we need to improve law enforcement and implement effective supervision ,especially for repeat offenders |
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for the laws itself, a fair legal system that aims to eliminate unfair ellements is key to preventing crime |
reinforcing the law reforcement departments and effectively enforcing regulats can strengthen a country‘s ability to prevent crimes。 |
apart from enforcing the policy fair,establishing support organizations and offering counselling services can be better at helping ex-criminals reintegrate into society and overcome their challenges |
it is crucial to start a set of regulations that offer vacational training for ex-criminals,followed by offering after-prison support to ensure that they smoooth transition the workforce |
for the lack of effective supervision, it is essential to establish an advanced tracking system,enhancing efficiency of criminal records |
犯罪的处罚方式:单词
enhance efficiency 提高效率 |
be put in prison 进监狱 |
---|---|
vague 模糊 |
a well-functioning judicial system 健全的法律系统 |
collect evidence 收集证据 |
advanced 发达的 |
a great challenge 巨大挑战 |
respect the law 尊重法律 |
consume a significant amount of time and human resources 耗费大量的人力物力 |
make the punishment fit the crime 惩罚与罪行相符 |
increase the effectiveness of conviction 提高判决的有效性 |
those who caused harm to others 对其他人造成伤害的人 |
escape punishment 逃避惩罚 |
deserve severe punishment 应高大惩戒 |
decrease the crime rate 降低犯罪率 |
self-defense 自我防卫 |
maintain public safey and stability 维护社会安全与稳定 |
reduced punishment 较轻的惩罚 |
ensure the safety of other citizens 保障其他市民的安全 |
pay a fine 支付罚款 |
obey the law 遵守法律 |
犯罪的处罚方式:例句
in order to achieve justice, it is important to make the punishment fit the crime,especially for those who have caused harm to others,as they deserve severe punishment as a deterrent |
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efficient law enforcement measures are necessary to prevent criminals from escaping punishment,decrease the crime rate,and maintain public safety and stability thereby ensuring the safety of other citizens |
the process of investigating complex case can consume a significant amount of time and human resources ,but it is essential to increase the effectiveness of conviction |
in legal case, interpreting vague laws or regulations can pose a great challenge when collecting evidence |
TEXT2:7→生活
思路
考点:生活方式与人生选择
第一步:分析原因
总的来说,影响我们如何生活的主观原因大致可以分为:
主观 | 价值观:比如金钱观、爱情观、道德观等 个人成长经历:比如家庭、交友、教育背景、工作经历等 兴趣爱好:个人感兴趣的领域 性格特点:比如内向或外向、理性或感性等 |
---|---|
客观 | 经济条件:比如收入水平和稳定性、开支负担等 社会氛围:比如传统习俗、流行文化、竞争压力、政策法规的宽严程度等 居住环境:比如居住地的交通、教育医疗资源、气候和生态环境等 |
第二步:评价影响
对个人
- 影响其物质条件:比如个人的经济状况、消费能力和负债水平等
- 影响其思维模式:比如塑造不同的价值观、信仰、态度等
- 影响其生活状态:比如身心健康、工作状态、休闲方式、交际圈等
对社会
- 影响经济发展:比如就业机会、经济稳定性等
- 影响社会风气:如文化传承、竞争和压力强度、消费习惯等
- 影响公民幸福:比如人口素质、治安水平、人际关系、开放和平等程度、气候与环境等
如果进一步展开上面的这些思考维度,你就会发现之前我们学过的很多思路(金钱、工作甚至环境等)都能派上用场了,这也是我们一直强调的“思路要活用”。那么接下来,我们就基于这些大的思考方向和方法,用两道真题来实操练习一下。
思路实战
先来看主观上,可能有哪些因素导致人们想要购买名牌。
主观原因:
价值观
- 炫耀心态:名牌象征成功、财富和社会地位 → 可以用来炫耀展示自己 → 所以购买名牌
- 攀比心态:喜欢与人比较 → 看到周围人都在用名牌产品,不甘人后 → 自己也要买名牌
- 认同名牌的品质和价值 → 认为名牌质量好、耐用性高 → 购买名牌作为长期使用价值的保障,甚至作为投资产品
兴趣爱好
- 对时尚领域感兴趣,追求潮流 → 喜欢名牌独特的设计风格 → 购买或收藏名牌
客观原因:
经济条件
- 社会总体经济水平提高 → 人们的购买力增强 → 想获得更高级的质量、服务或设计
社会氛围
- 名牌产品往往有更强大的广告营销力度和创意 → 更容易影响人们的消费观念→ 吸引更多人想要买名牌
- 在一些社交群体中,拥有相同的名牌产品暗示相似的社会阶层或时尚品味 → 为了融入群体、获得认同或归属感而购入名牌
对于个人的反面影响
影响其物质条件
- 购买超出消费能力的产品 → 浪费辛苦工作赚来的钱 → 造成负债等经济负担
影响其思维模式
- 期望通过名牌带来社会地位、声望和认可 → 欲望无止境 → 形成恶性循环,养成不健康的消费习惯
对于社会的反面影响
影响经济发展
- 越来越多的人只消费名牌产品 → 缺少品牌知名度的企业会失去顾客 → 名牌企业占领甚至垄断市场 → 市场竞争失衡、活力下降 → 损害经济发展
影响社会风气
- 很多人追求名牌 → 推崇外在而不重视内在 → 形成攀比、炫富的不良风气
影响公民幸福
- 企业为了提升销量 → 把资源都投入在品牌营销上 → 产品研发本身不受重视 → 产品质量停滞不前甚至下降 → 损害消费者利益
同样的,这些思路对于一篇大作文来说,也完全够用了。
相关单词、短语与例句
生活方式(分析原因)
due to external factors 因为外在的客观原因 |
the intention to show off 炫耀的心态 |
---|---|
out of intrinsic incentives 基于内在的驱动 |
be born with the instinct to compete 有竞争的本能 |
boost the sales of 提高…的销量 |
hate to fall behind ones peers 讨厌落于人后 |
fashionable design 时尚的设计 |
social pressure 社交压力 |
made with high-quality materials 用料考究 |
obtain a sense of belonging 获得一种归属感 |
post-purchase consumer service 售后服务 |
|
advertising 广告 |
例句
with the intention to show off,people often buy fancy product therefore,companies can boost the sales of products by adding fashionable designs and the commitment to offer post-purchase customer services |
---|
some people persue famous brands as these brands can boost their self-esteem, after all , people are born with instintc to compete and hate to fall behind their peers |
生活方式(评价好坏)
put a financial burden on customers 给消费者带来经济负担 |
lose ones customers 失去顾客 |
---|---|
daily necessary 生活必需品 |
dominate the market 主导市场 |
economically friendly 经济友好的 |
spend resource on branding 资源花在市场营销上 |
brandless 无品牌 |
product development 产品开发 |
substitute 替代品 |
product quality 产品质量 |
a waste of hard-earned money 浪费辛苦钱 |
chase after 追逐 |
unhealthy shopping habits 不健康的消费习惯 |
例句
apart from being a waste of hard-earned money,unhealthy shopping habits can put individuals in debt and them trapped in a vicious cycle |
---|
if consumers focus in chase after famous brands,these big companies will dominate the market,causing other businesses lose their customers。 this could further lead to a decrease in product quality,as more companies will spend resources on branding rather than product development |
人生选择(分析原因)
costs of raising a child 养育孩子的成本 |
delay parenthood 推迟做父母 |
---|---|
budget for a new baby 为生孩子的预算 |
value individualism 看中个人独立 |
costs of childcare 儿童保育的花费 |
unwilling to take responsibility for rearing a child 不愿意被养育责任束缚 |
tuition fee 学费 |
enjoy a child-free life 享受没有孩子的生活 |
have a baby 生孩子 |
personal choice 个人选择 |
not financially prepare to be parents 没有在成为父母的经济准备 |
less external pressure 外部压力减小 |
hard to maintain the work-life balance 难以维持工作与生活的平衡 |
not in a rush 不着急 |
make a choice between career and family 事业与家庭二选一 |
例句
Many individuals are facing difficulty in making a choice between career and family, leading them to delay parenthood and valueindividualism, as they may be unwilling to take responsibility forrearing a child, preferring to enjoy a child-free life. |
---|
in the past ,having children was more like an inevitable part in life however,having babies today become a personal choice with less external pressure, people are not in a rush to start a family after reaching adulthood |
人生选择(评价好坏)
provide children with a better quality of life 给孩子更好的生活条件 |
be more educate and civilized 更文明 |
---|---|
better education resources 更好的教育资源 |
have long-term positive impacts on 有长远好处 |
have time and energy to develop hobbies 有时间和金钱发展兴趣 |
increase the risk of … 增加风险 |
think in a more mature way 思想更成熟 |
older mother 高龄产妇 |
have a stronger sense of responsibility 更有责任心 |
during pregnancy 怀孕期间 |
be willing to devote more efforts to nurturing kids 愿意为孩子付出 |
cautious 小心的 |
enjoy more personal time 享受更多的个人时间 |
unavailable risks 不可避免的风险 |
make the most of their life in their youth 充分利用青春年华 |
a noticeable risk factor 不可忽视的因素 |
fulfill their career ambition at an early age 趁年轻打拼事业 |
mentally demanding 智力要求 |
boost economic growth 促进经济发展 |
slow down the economic progress 延缓经济发展 |
spend the most youthful and energetic time of their life working 把他们最年轻力壮的时光给工作 |
delay ones parenthood 晚育 |
productive workforce 高效的劳动力 |
brith rate 生育率 |
quality of population 整体国民素质 |
in the long term 长远来看 |
a decrease in human labour 劳动力减少 |
例句
Delaying parenthood can increase the risk of pregnancy and deliveryfor older mothers. It is essential to make them cautious during pregnancy, as there are unavoidable risks associated with advanced maternal age. |
---|
TEXT2:8→健康类
思路
考点1:造成健康问题的原因和解决措施
造成健康问题的原因:主观和客观
在讲原因时,我们可以从主观和客观两个维度来分析。这个方法,我们之前在《Task 2 犯罪类思路》中学习过。你先通过下面这道练习测试一下,看看自己是否已经掌握了这个方法。
主观原因
- 饮食不健康:经常吃油炸食品、甜品等高热量食物,不吃水果蔬菜 → 可能造成肥胖、内脏负担
- 缺乏运动:久坐不起、出行只坐车等 → 可能造成关节疼痛、近视等
- 不良生活习惯:吸烟、喝酒、熬夜等 → 可能造成免疫力下降、内脏负担
客观原因
生活压力大:
- 社会工作和学习生活节奏普遍较快 → 无法保持健康作息 → 可能造成亚健康
- 工作、学习、社交压力大 → 可能造成心理问题
环境污染:现代城市空气污染严重 → 可能造成呼吸道疾病
外界诱惑多:现代人生活水平上升 → 食物选择多、容易暴食 → 可能造成肥胖
遗传:肥胖、近视等疾病可能会遗传 → 子女容易得这种病
*这里有一个小细节提醒一下。注意老师在写上述逻辑链条时,用到了“可能造成”这样的表达。这样做是为了避免话说得太过绝对,因为我们列出的原因并不是一定会导致后面的问题。这种表达称之为“模糊语”(hedging),是雅思写作中的一种高分技巧。老师建议你在写大作文的时候,要论证逻辑关系时,也可以视情况用上模糊语,不要写得太过绝对。
提出措施:个人和政府
我们已经在犯罪类思路中学习过,讨论措施的时候,可以对照前面的原因给出解决方案。在健康类话题中,最容易想到的措施可能就是“养成健康的生活方式”,但光说这一点会显得有点空。这时,我们就可以用分情况讨论的方法,按照不同的主体来提出措施。比如,我们可以按个人和政府来讨论:
针对主观原因
针对饮食不健康
- 个人应该养成健康均衡的饮食习惯、少摄入垃圾食品
- 政府应该多支持和鼓励健康食品的研发和售卖
针对缺少锻炼
- 个人需要加强体育锻炼、适当走路或骑车出行
- 政府应该提倡全民运动,多修建体育设施、举办体育活动
针对不良生活习惯
- 个人应该戒除吸烟、喝酒等不良习惯
- 政府应该限制烟酒的购买,比如禁止未成年人购买、数量限购等
针对客观原因
针对生活节奏快压力大
- 个人可以多发展兴趣爱好,比如进行运动、冥想、做手工等解压活动
- 政府应该保障劳动权益,杜绝高强度加班现象
针对环境污染
- 个人可以购买空气净化器、佩戴防雾霾口罩
- 政府应该进行环境治理,提高空气质量;用法律法规限制企业在生产时的废料污染
针对外界诱惑多
- 个人应该谨慎选择食物
- 政府可以加强营养学知识的普及
针对遗传
- 个人应该改善生活习惯,防止疾病进一步演化
- 针对某些疾病,政府可以发展医疗水平,开展预防工作
总的来说,如果你拿到一道健康类的题,要求你分析原因和措施,那么就尝试用到我们刚才说的,分析主观和客观原因的方法去发散;发散出了原因,措施也就水到渠成了。再上一个台阶来看,你需要学会把主观(内在)和客观(外在)原因这个分析框架灵活运用在各类话题上,这也是一直在强调的
考点2:医疗措施
相关单词、短语与例句
健康类:健康问题的原因和影响
unhealthy diets 不健康的饮食 |
pressure from work social life family and so on 来自工作 社交 家庭的压力 |
---|---|
cause obesity 导致肥胖 |
suffer from mental health problems 承受心理问题 |
eat out 外出吃饭 |
further influence physical health 进一步影响生理健康 |
home-made meals 自制膳食 |
a variety of choices for food 丰富的食物选择 |
consume a large quantity of high-calorie foods 吃了许多高热量的食物 |
convenient and tasty fast food 可口方便的快餐 |
fried foods 油炸食品 |
all kinds of snakes 形形色色的零食 |
a low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables 果蔬摄入不足 |
hard to resist 难以抵抗 |
sugar intake 糖分摄入 |
genetic factors 基因因素 |
calorie intake 热量摄入 |
be prone to become fat be obesity-prone 容易发胖 |
a lack of exercise 缺乏锻炼 |
pre-prepared meals 预制菜 |
a lack of sleep 缺乏睡眠 |
convenience foods 方便食品 |
a sedentary job 需要久坐的工作 |
immune system 免疫系统 |
a sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式 |
chronic disease 慢性疾病 |
show a preference for 对….展出爱好 |
high blood pressure 高血压 |
maintain a healthy daily routine 维持一个健康的作息 |
be deficient in 缺乏某种营养 |
a desk job 扶岸类工作 |
be rich in 富含某种营养 |
例句
The increasing trend of consuming a large quantity of high-caloriefoods, particularly fried foods, contributes to elevated sugar andcalorie intake, which is a significant factor in the rising prevalence ofobesity. |
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The combination of a sedentary lifestyle due to long working hoursand a busy lifestyle, often accompanied by a lack of sleep, makes itdifficult to maintain a healthy daily routine. |
健康类:健康问题的解决措施
have a healthy and balanced diet 养成健康均衡的饮食习惯 |
regular exercise 规律运动 |
---|---|
de more physical exercise 加强体育锻炼 |
jogging 慢跑 |
burn more calories 燃烧更多卡路里 |
yoga 瑜伽 |
change the mode of transportation 改变交通工具 |
meditation 冥想 |
take a walk after eating 饭后散步 |
build healthy bones and muscles 塑造健康的骨骼和肌肉 |
improve digestion 改善消化 |
avoid becoming obese 避免肥胖 |
improve daily routine 改善生活作息 |
improve physical and mental health 促进身心健康 |
follow a regular schedule 遵守固定作息 |
outdoor sports 户外运动 |
eat meals at regular time 按时吃饭 |
foods nutritional content 食品的营养成分 |
release stress in health ways 健康的释放压力 |
health-conscious 注重健康 |
例句
To improve digestion and a daily routine, it is recommended to take awalk after eating every day, eat meals at a regular time, and keep thebody clock on track. |
---|
Engaging in outdoor sports not only improves physical and mentalhealth but also allows individuals to be more health-conscious bybeing mindful of food’s nutritional content. |
健康类:医疗服务(私营/公共医疗)相关
medical service health care service 医疗服务 |
health professionals 医护人员 |
---|---|
profit-making companies 盈利性质的公司 |
put financial burden on the government 给政府造成巨大的压力 |
private companies 私人公司 |
balance other budget 预算平衡 |
receive timely treatment 得到及时的治疗 |
neglect other issues 忽视其他问题 |
a basic right to health 基本的健康权 |
shorten waiting lists for operations and appointments 缩短手术与预约名单 |
lower the costs of health care 降低了医疗花销 |
basic care and emergency care 基础医疗与紧急医疗 |
equal access to health care 平等的获取医疗 |
specialist 专门医师 |
improve public health 提高公民的健康水平 |
dentist 牙医 |
have a more productive workforce 劳动力更高效 |
treat ones health wisely be responsible for one‘s health 对自己的健康负责 |
bring economic benefits 带有经济效益 |
stimulate innovation 刺激研发创新 |
take everybody into account 顾及所有人 |
private hospital 私立医院 |
boost the development of society 促进社会发展 |
|
long-term benefits 长远的好处 |
|
face difficult (in) doing sth 在….有困难 |
|
invest in up-to-date medical equipment 投资先进的医疗设备 |
例句
Ensuring equal access to health care is essential as it not onlyupholds a basic right to health but also takes everybody intoaccount, allowing individuals to receive timely treatment and ultimately lowering the costs of health care for the entire population. |
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Some people may opt for health care services from private companies as they believe they can receive timely treatment, ratherthan waiting in the public health care system.. |
健康类:医疗服务(传统医疗/中医)
alternative medicine 替代疗法 |
side effect 副作用 |
---|---|
herbal medicine 草药 |
be tested scientifically 经过科学测试 |
treat virus 治疗病毒 |
trust the opinion of qualified doctors 听从职业医生的建议 |
例句
Investing in up-to-date medical equipment can put financial pressureon the government.In order to balance the budget, the governmentmay ignore other issues. |
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ln addition to traditional approaches, alternative medicines such asherbal medicine, acupuncture, and other natural remedies can beconsidered for treating viruses.However, individuals need to beaware of potential side effects. |
TEXT2:9→艺术类
思路
考点1:文化艺术的价值/作用
这些具体的场景,我们可以发散出文化艺术分别能满足个人和社会的哪些需求,由此将文化艺术的价值大致分为以下这几类:
对个人
实用价值
- 提升个人能力:如创造力、想象力、审美水准等 → 这些能力有助于提升个人认知水平和综合素养,进而帮助个人更好地完成学习或工作任务,或在实际工作中创造价值
非实用价值
- 情感宣泄:文艺作品能够表达情感和思想 → 创作或接触文艺作品 → 个人能与作品共鸣,进行情感宣泄
- 提供娱乐消遣:参与文艺活动 → 能够缓解压力,愉悦身心
美学享受:艺术作品能够提供美学享受 → 让人们享受审美体验 → 增添生活乐趣
对社会
实用价值
- 促进经济发展:文化艺术产业繁荣发展 → 提供就业机会、促进消费 → 增加经济效益
- 促进社会和谐发展:文化艺术作品能够提供审美和精神享受 → 增强公民幸福感和社会凝聚力 → 促进社会和谐发展
非实用价值
传承传统文化:文化艺术是文化遗产的重要载体 → 能够保护和传承本土文化
促进文化创新:文化艺术能促进不同文化间的交流和理解 → 有助于增进文化多样性,促进文化创新
塑造国家形象:文化艺术能够展示一个国家的独特文化 → 有助于塑造良好的国际形象
考点2:开放与保守的文化态度
相关单词、短语和政府
文化艺术类:文化艺术的作用
artistic works 艺术作品 |
offer future generations a glimpse of contemporary society 让人类的后代看见当前社会 |
---|---|
enrich people’s souls 丰富人的灵魂 |
soft power of a country 一个国家软实力 |
go to a concert 听一场音乐会 |
promote international influence and attraction 提升国际影响力与吸引力 |
see a play in a theater 去剧场看喜剧 |
countries with rich cultures culturally rich countries 文化底蕴深厚的国家 |
appreciate artistic works in a gallery or museum 去画廊或博物馆看艺术品 |
attract a great number of tourists and scholars 吸引大量的游客学者 |
make people feel delighted 让人感到心情愉悦 |
a happier society 一个更幸福的社会 |
touched 感动的 |
a more cultural people 公民素质更高 |
inspired 受到启发 |
a people 一个国家的国民 |
create art 创作艺术 |
audience 观众 |
as a means of self-expression 一种自我表达的方式 |
reflect society a reflect of society reflection of society 对社会的映射 |
release stress and anxiety 释放焦虑不安 |
a witness of certain era witnesses of a certain era 一个时代的见证 |
superficial 肤浅的 |
document 证书 |
find self-esteem and a sense of belonging 需要自尊和归属感 |
ups and downs 兴衰沉浮 |
culture identity 文化认同 |
historical sites 历史遗址 |
incorporate more art into people‘s daily life 给人们日常更多艺术 |
intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 |
change people’s mindset 改变人的心态 |
keep remain sth intact 保持完好 |
get pleasant from other types of activities 从其他活动获取享受 |
vanish 消失 |
core values 核心价值观 |
|
strengthen social bonds 增强社会纽带 |
|
preserve cultural heritage 保留文化遗产 |
例句
Art, in its various forms, offers an escape from the stressful world,as it has the power to make people feel delighted , touched, andinspired, allowing them to tap into their creativity and create art. |
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Embracing art and cultural experiences can help counteract amaterialistic mindset, allowing individuals to find self-esteem, asense of belonging, and a deeper connection to their culturalidentity. |
Promoting cultural events can effectively boost solidarity amongcommunity members, disseminate cultural knowledge, and reinforcecore values, ultimately strengthening social bonds. |
Culturally rich countries not only attract a great number of touristsand scholars but also foster a happier society, cultivating a morecultured people who appreciate the heritage and traditions of theirnation. |
文化艺术类:(开放或保守)文化态度
learn about local culture 学习当地文化 |
persevere cultural diversity 保存当地文化多样性 |
---|---|
discover different customs and lifestyles 发现不同的风俗与生活方式 |
avoid damage to cultures 避免文化损失 |
experience local life in person 亲身体验本土生活 |
a loss for all of humanity 全人类的损失 |
respect local customs 遵从当地习俗 |
energy-consuming 消耗体力 |
avoid dangerous situations 避免一些危险 |
not able to fully enjoy the trip 无法全身心的享受旅行 |
various cultural taboos 不同的文化禁忌 |
be cautions of one’s behaviors 注意某人的行为举止 |
unspoken rules 不成文的规定 |
learn new language and customs from tourist 从旅客上学新语言风俗 |
disrespectful manners 不尊重他人的举动 |
communication across cultures 跨文化交流 |
a serious offense to the natives 对当地人的很大冒犯 |
spend one‘s holidays here 在这里度假 |
be incompatible with sth 和某事物冲突 |
boost the travel industry 促进旅游业 |
cultivate one‘s cultural competence 培养文化素质 |
host country 东道主国家 |
keep an open mind 保持开放心态 |
be drawn to do sth 被吸引做某事 |
open-minded 开明的 |
welcome cultural differences 欢迎文化差异 |
tolerant 包容的 |
dominant 主导的 |
get along with people from different cultures 和不同文化背景的人相处 |
mainstream 主流的 |
cause misunderstanding and conflict 导致误会和争执 |
global languages 全球化的语言 |
minority languages 小语种 |
monolingual 单一语种的 |
bilingual 双语的 |
language barriers 语言障碍 |
multicultural society 多元化社会 |
例句
Preserving cultural diversity during tourism activities is crucial toavoid damage to cultures, as the disappearance of unique culturaltraditions would be a loss for all of humanity. |
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when tourists choose to spend their holidays here, it not onlycontributes to the economic development of the host country, butalso reflects their inclination to be drawn to travel to a destinationthat welcomes cultural differences. |
Visiting local markets and interacting with residents allows travellersto learn about local culture, discover different customs and lifestyles,and experience local life in person, fostering an appreciation andrespect for local customs. |
Sometimes, sticking to primitive customs can be incompatible withthe values and progress of modern society. |