Hello World by 阿水

思久欲知 知繁渴思 朝乾夕惕 焚膏继晷 日拱一卒 功不唐捐

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雅思作文

[TOC]

雅思

1.1 作文开头

开头

作文类型:test1的开头句 所用单词 备注
折线图 line chart
graph
柱状图 bar chart
graph
饼图 pie chart
graph
图标 table

图标说明词

illustrate : show : give a information about
compare

表示数量

可数 the number of : how many
不可数 the amount of :how much

表示频率

the frequency of : how often :the periodicity of

图标词语

同时 at the same time : while : meanwhile : in the meantime
方式 way : mean : mode
工资 wage :salary : pay
花费 cost : spending : expense
每年 each year : per year : every year
家庭 household : family
参加 take part in : participate : engage in
需求 the demand for : the need for
原因 contributor : reason : factor : be affected by
范围 range : scope : extant
学历 diploma : degree
生活贫困 be poor : live in poverty

表示未来

it is estimated/ forecast /projected / predicted / that 数据 will do sth
the estimation / forecast / prediction/ prediction is that 数据 will do sth
数据 is estimated / forecast / predicted / projected to do sth
数据 +will do sth

1.2 作文概述段

趋势

上升趋势 increase : see/show/experience an upward trend
下降趋势 decrease :see/show experience a downward trend
几乎不变 remian stable/ experience little change

趋势程度

猛烈 dramatically/notably dramatic/notable
轻微 slightly /moderately slight/moderate

开头例文

overall ,it is clear that
overall , it can be clearly seen that
overall , it can be clearly seen from the 图标 that
overall , the 图表 shows that
overall, the most striking feature of the 图表 is that

开头数值表达

初始值 start at +数据/ at first / in the beginning / in the first place
最终值 end up at +数据 / at last / at the end / finally / eventually
最高值 reach the highest point at 数据 / hit a high / hit a peak
最低值 reach the lowest point at 数据 / hit a low / hit a trough

第二周

百分比的表达(静态词)

直接百分比 20%
百分比做分数 几分之一 one/a fifth
25%的倍数 25%= aquarter
50%= a half
75%=three quarters

准确性的三组词

接近。略低于 just under
nearly
almost
刚刚超过 just over
大约是 approximately
roughly
about
around

组成达标占比多少的动词

account for
make up
constitute

表达比较

比…更多 more ….than
比…更少 fewer..可数名词 …than
less….不可数名词….than
比…一样多 as+many+可数名词+as
as+much+不可数名词+as
比…的几分之几一样 倍数词+as+much+不可数名词+as
倍数词+as+many+可数名词+as

显著程度

轻微的 slightly
显著的 significantly

表达最值

最多的 the most +名词
最高比例的 the highest number/percent/amount/proportion of +名词
最少的 the least+名词
最低比例的 the least number/proportion/amount of+名词

表达大多数

the majority of + 可数名词复数 + 动词复数
the majority of+不可数名词+动词单数

话题切换

in term of +数据/话题
as for +数据/话题
as far as+ 数据+/话退

数据特征相似

数据A. similarly/likewise+数据B
数据A see/show/experience similar trends with 数据B

数据特征不同

数据A,in comparison 数据B
数据A ,while 数据B
数据A see/show/experience different trends from 数据B

数据特征相反

数据A. in comparison/ however/on the other hand+数据B
数据A see/show/experience opposite trends from 数据B

下面是动态词

句子结构

动词+复数
形容词+名词

变化趋势的方向

趋势类型 含义 动词原型 动词过去式 动词过去分词 名词形式
上升
增加
通用
任何程度的增加
increase increased increased (an)increase
rise rose risen a rise
grow grew grown growth
猛烈增加 rocket rocketed rocketed
轻微增加 (an)uptick
下降
减少
通用表示 decrease decreased decreased (a)decrease
fall fell fallen fal
drop dropped dropped (a) drop
猛烈下降 plummet plummeted plummeted
轻微下降 dip dipped dipped a dip

描述变化趋势的幅度和速率

趋势类型 含义 副词 形容词
变化幅度 显著的 significantly significant
急剧的 sharply sharp
突然大幅度的 dramatically dramatic
适中的
温和的
moderately moderate
不显著的 insignificantly insignificant
轻微的 slightly slight
轻微的 marginally marginal
变化速率 快速的 rapidly rapid
缓慢的 slowly slow
突然的 suddenly sudden
逐渐的 gradually gradual

整体描述

趋势类型 动词原型 动词过去式 动词过去分词 名词形式
波动 fluctuate fluctuated fluctuated (a)fluctuate
保持稳定 remain stable remained stable remained stable
保持不变 stay the same stayed the same stayed the same
(从增加或减少)
趋于稳定
leved off leveled off leveled off
(从波动)趋于稳定 stabilize stabilized stabilized
达到峰值 hit a high/peak hit a high/peak hit a high/peak
reach a high/peak reach a high/peak reach a high/peak
达到谷值 hit a trough/low hit a trough/low hit a trough/low
赶上 超越 overtake overtook overtaken

介词部分

to (减少/增加)到 increased to55kg
by (减少/增加)了 dipped by5%
at 位于 remained stable at 20
from…to 从…到.. rise from 20 to 26
between…and…. 在…和…之间 fluctuate between 5 and 15

具体例句

结构 数据对象+描述变化动词+副词+具体数据变化
例句 the number of visitors dropped dramatically from 7 at2021 to 8 at 2023
架构 there is a/an +形容词+名词+in+数据对象+具体变化
例句 there was a dramatic dropped in the number of visitors from 7 to 8

常用表达

…..(可数名词)的数量 the number of
…..(不可数名词)的数量 the amount of
…的比例 the percentage/proportion of
….的销售额 the sales of
…..的价格 the price of
…..的消耗量 the consumption of

图表作文

图的类型

流程图 diagram
flowchart
flow chart
地图 map
plan

图表单词

表示变化 get
become
change into
turn into
表示生产 produce
make
生命周期 the life cycle of 描述对象
changes in the life of + 描述对象
how+描述对象+evolve
被称为 be referred to as
be known as
重新开始 begin again
start afresh
start a new
阶段 stage
phase
period
诞生 be bron
begin life
comes into being
生产过程 how+描述对象+be made/produced
make process of+描述对象
stages in the production of+ 描述对象

in the stage, the linestone turned into powder

the diagram gives information about changes in the life of the silkworm

most area in the north of is refer to as(is known as) region A

the diagram shows make process of concrete

写作通用单词

单词 词性 含义
emit 动词 排放;发射
emitted 形容词 排放了的
emission 名词 排放物 排放
consume 动词 消费
consumed 形容词 消耗了的
consumption 名词 消耗
consumer 名词 消费者
spend 动词 花费
spent 形容词 花费了的
spending 名词 花销
produce 动词 生产
produced 形容词 生产了的
production 名词 生产
marry 动词 结婚
married 形容词 已婚的
marriage 名词 结婚
get married 结婚
divorce 动词 名词 离婚
divorced 形容词 离婚了的
get a divorce 离婚
transport 名词 运输
transportation 名词 运输方式
employ 动词 雇佣
employed 形容词 雇佣的
employment 名词 雇佣
employer 名词 雇主
employee 名词 雇员
immigrate 动词 移民
immigration 名词 移民
immigrant 名词 侨民
immigration rate 移民率
migrate 动词 迁徙
migration 名词 移民
migration rate 移民率

factories are illegal to emit black smoke into the air because black smoke emission will cause air pollution ,also those emitted black smoke has already harmed the environment。

the table show the employment in AUSTRALIA in 2001,and the bar chart gives information about how many college students were employed in full-time jobs and receiving support form their employers

a lot of immigrants immigrated to the US during the wave of immigration

Many people migrate from large cities to small towns for lower living costs and a better environment.

流程图范文 流程实例

流程图开头句

the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process of doing sth
the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process by which sth
the diagram/flowchart/ flow chart + 图表说明词(可无)+the process that people follow in order to do sth
第一步 流程开始于… the process begins with…
最后一步 流程结束与..
最后
the process ends with….
eventually/finally/ in the end
第N步 接下来是
接下来是
第N步是
this is followed by….
next/ than / after that
the +序数词+step is…
衔接步骤 完成…后…. Once/after/when+现在完成时

. The diagram shows the process by which the sugar is produced.

. The diagram shows the process that people follow in order to produce sugar..

Once the powder has been delivered to the mixer, the mixer will be sent to theheater.

地图方位类写作

常用单词

表示位置的动词 stand
be situated/located+介词
表示位置的介词 范围内的方位:on
针对某个参照物:to
上方:at the top of
下方:at the bottom of
表示变化的词 建筑/出现 add /construct / build
卸载/移除 knock down/remove/replace
扩大 expand
缩小 the size of sth+ be reduced
方位词 北方:north
南方:south
东方:east
西方:west
东北方:northeast
东南方:southeast
西北方:northwest
西南方:southwest
位置短语 毗邻:be next to
包围:be surrounded by
概括性词汇 严重的:severe
普遍的:prevalent
未来趋势 speculate
estimate
predict
forecast
project
there be+描述对象+方位
描述对象+坐落动词+方位
描述对象+be+坐落动词被动+方位
the building is located in the north
there is a city hospital in the north

the cinema was constructed in 2010 and was located to the east of east of the school

the old museum was removed,and the size of school was decreased

there are two gardens,one is in the northwest,and the other is in the center, surrounded by seats

over the past decades ,using petrol and oil as main energy source has been prevalent,which can lead to severe environment problems

数量

可数数量 the number of
不可数数量 the amount of

现象

this phenomenon

态度常用单词

满意度 satisfaction
态度 attitude
观念:认知 perception
种类 category
kind
type
国家 nation
country
区域:地区 area
part
region
除..之外(还) in addition to
other than
apart from
除…之外,其他都 other than
apart from

TEXT2部分

概括词

4类主题

现象 趋势 问题 讨论
phenomenon trend problem discussion

话题

topic issue

选择

choice option

例句

There is a discussion about whether university students should studywhatever they like or subjects that lead to successful careers.
choice about whether to rent or own a home can be made based on earning ability

表达优点

positive
upside
优点
benefit
beneficial
好处
advantage 优势
benefit / positive / upside to doing sth 有某事的好处

表达缺点

negative
downside
drawback
缺点
disadvantage 劣势
downside to doing sth 做某事的缺点

优缺点例句

there are plenty of positives to doing housework,one of them is that doing homework can help us relieves stress
Drinking too much coffee has a lot of drawbacks.

常用语开头段的句型

it is said that+题干信息改写
it has become a noticeable phenomenon / trend / discussion / problem that + 改写
it has been a frequent topic of discussion whether …or…
it has been an interesting topic of discussion whether …or…

His story interests me. 他的故事使我感到很有趣。
His story is interesting. 他的故事很有趣。
I’m interested in his story. 我對他的故事很有興趣

开头给观点类开头

i completely aggre/disagree that+改写
i believe the advantages of sth(doing sth) outweigh the disadvantages
i believe the disadvantages of sth(doing sth) outweigh the advantages

观点开头例句

i believe the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages

写作单词:解决问题

solve an issue
solve / address / deal with a problem
overcome a difficulty 克服困难
remedy a situation 改善现状

写作单词:因果关系

cause sth / lead to / give rise to 导致
be cause by(由….造成)
bring about (导致)
be brought about by 有…造成
result in 导致
be the result of 是….的结果

we need to remedy the situation to make a better society

many problem were brought about by the aging population

写作单词:特殊因果关系

contribute to / play a part in
强调有多种愿意
强调某种因素而马上触发结果:trigger(引起)
强调影响或导致…改变
affect / have an effect on / have an influence on

there are a lot of factors contributing to environmental pollution

drinking too much coffee will trigger migraines

rainfall has an influence on plant growth

开头段回答问题但是不需要给观点:回答原因

there are some possible reasons for this (problem phenomenon trend)
a few reasons may have given rise to this (trend/ phenomenon / problem)

开头段回答问题但是不需要给观点:回答措施

there are some possible solutions to address this problem
i will propose some potential solutions to this problem
it is ones responsibility to do sth 做….是…的责任

To+目的,…. 人群 should 具体措施+ so that 效果

例句

living in a foreign country is difficult,which will leads to serious social and practical problems

To avoid children,s health problem, parent should give children fresh food so that children can grow up healthily

表达重要性

without ….,…will…,which causes..
没有…某人会…这会导致
….is/are needed to do
为了做到…,…是必需的
…..is / are key to do sth.
…..是…的关键
….a key part of sth/doing
….是…的一个关键因素
sth is essential in sth / doing
…对…是必要的

Without support organizations, ex-convicts will not find good jobs, which causes them to be financially helpless.

efficient law enforcement measures are needed to prevent criminals from escaping punishment.

Technology is a key part of modern society.

The ability to adapt to the world is essential in staying competitive

Sustainable development is a key part of addressing environmental challenges.

表达重要性,显著性的通用词汇

主要的 primary / main / leading /major
次要的 minor
忽略 neglect

the minor energy use in lighting

sustainable development has emerged as a primary goal for government

water heating and other appliances are the major energy use

表达其他的观点

some people think / feel / believe / hold that…
supporters(适用于所有议题) of… think / feel / believe / hold that…
advocates(适用于严肃 社会性议题)of … think / feel / believe / hold that…
it is thought / felt / believed / said that
被认为….

supporters of accepting a bad situation hold that we can not change a bad situation.

Advocates of animal rights feel that we should not use animals to do experiments

Some people hold that we should not use animals to do experiments.

it is thought that fast trains can save people’s time a lot more than other transportation

支持者

supports of sth / doing sth
people who are for sth/doing sth

反对者

people who are against sth/doing sth

在我看来

personally/ in my opinion+自己的观点

例句

people who are against drinking coffee argue that it is bad for health

Personally, the point of people who are for drinking coffee is wrong because drinking coffee will raise people’s heart rates and make people feel stressed out.

衔接词

nevertheless
然而不过
nonetheless
然而不过
although
虽然

many people prefer to live in the city for convenience。Nevertheless, i

choose to live in the countryside for its tranquility

功能词

usually
often
经常
generally
普遍情况
seem
appearance to do sth
看起来像
sometimes
有时
probably
较高可能性
tend to do sth
趋向于,往往
rarely
极少的
possibly
可能性较低
perhaps
猜 推测

In today’s digital age, people rarely rely on traditional print newspapers as their primary news source.

Generally speaking, people tend to be more productive and focused when working in a clean and organized environment.

意味着

meaning that \ which mean that \ means that

The increasing demand for skilled professionals in various industries has created a competitive job market, which means that individuals need to continuously upgrade their skills to secure rewarding career opportunities

通过…..,某人可以….

by doing something,someone can….
doing something allows someone to do something

by actively participating in community service, individual can contribute to the betterment of society。

investing in education allows governments to empower future generations and foster economic development

表示“从…角度来说,….”句型

from a/an…. perspective……

from a political perspective,effective governance ensure the protection of citizen’s right and promotes stability

表示让步的句型

admittedly…..has/have some plus points/benefits
诚然…有一些优点
nevertheless, i believe the drawbacks of …… outweigh the benefits
但是,我坚信…缺点大于优点
admittedly…..has/have some drawbacks
诚然…有一些优点
nevertheless, i believe the benefits of …… outweigh the drawbacks
但是,我坚信…缺点大于优点

admittedly, driverless vehicle has some plus point,nevertheless ,i believe the drawbacks of driverless vehicle outweigh the benefits

表明观点的句子

in conclusion,i think the benefits of…. are greater than the drawbacks
in conclusion,i think the drawbacks of…. are greater than the benefits
in conclusion ,i believe …can bring many positive outcomes ,and therefore i support/hold the belief that
总之,我认为。。。可以带来许多好处,因此我认为

ln conclusion, l believe the change in how people interact with each other can bring many positive outcomes, and therefore l hold the belief that this change is a positive development.

结论句:问原因

in conclusion, A and B are some important contributors to…
总的来说,A和B导致了…

结论句:问优缺点

in conclusion,…. have/has some upsides。such as A and B,while C and D are some of their drawbacks
总的来说,A和B是他的优点,但是C和D是缺点

结论句:问措施

in conclusion, to solve this problem, …..need/needs to establish……and implement……
为了解决….,…需要建立, ……需要执行

ln conclusion, the needs for a sense of belonging and a stable life are some important contributors to the preference.

ln conclusion, to solve this problem, governments need to establish comprehensive food security policies and implement sustainable agricultural practices worldwide.

TEXT2: 1→ 环境类

思路

环境保护的重要性

全球变暖→海平面上升→人们面临家园被淹没的风险
污染→空气和水变脏→危害群众健康
森林减少→栖息地减少→动物灭绝→生物多样性(biodiversity)没了
极端天气增多→极热或极寒→人和动物都有生命和经济损失
资源短缺→人们的日常需求无法满足

环境保护的手段

政府

修建更好的交通设施 → 人们减少使用私家车 → 减轻污染
投资清洁能源或可再生能源 → 取代传统燃料 → 解决资源短缺和污染 修建更好的交通设施 → 人们减少使用私家车 → 减轻污染

企业

发明混合能源车辆 → 减少资源短缺 → 减少污染
减少产品过度包装 → 减少塑料垃圾
节约用电 → 减少资源浪费

个人

回收垃圾 → 减少资源浪费 → 减少垃圾污染
选择公共交通 → 降低碳排放 → 减少污染

相关单词、短语与例句

保护环境的重要性:单词

global warming
全球变暖
waste
垃圾
sea level
海平面
recyclable waste
可回收垃圾
flooding
洪水
non-recyclable waste
可回收垃圾
destroy
毁灭
harmful waste
有害垃圾
waste water
废水
waste production
垃圾制造
released…into
排放进
reside
居住
air pollution
空气污染
resident / occupant
居民
health problem/issue
健康问题
residence
居民
greenhouse gas/gases
温室气体
resident area
housing area
居住区
drop litters
乱丢垃圾
infrastructure
基础设施
deforestation
毁灭树林
construct
建造
the loss of habitat
栖息地的减少
construction
建造
extinction
灭绝
food chain
食物链
biodiversity
生物多样性
extreme weather
极端天气
natural disaster
自然灾害
drought
干旱
run out/ use up
用尽
water crisis
水资源危机
resource shortage
资源短缺
energy consumption
能源消耗
meet…ones daily needs
满足某人的需求

环境保护重要性:例句

deforestation will bring about the loss of habitat, causing extinction and destroying ecosystem stability
resource shortage,such as water crisis, needs to be emphasized because it is likely that resource on earth can not meet peoples daily needs in the future
The meaning of separating the waste into recyclable and non-recyclable waste is to better dispose of them and reduce their environmental harm, especially for harmful waste.

保护环境措施:单词

tackle
solve
address
deal with
处理
product with less packing
包装简单的产品
build bicycle lanes
建自行车道
recycle housework waste
回收家庭垃圾
clean energy
清洁能源
recyclable material
可回收材料
environmentally friendly
环保的
reuse shopping bags
重复使用购物袋
laws and regulations
法律法规
reduce waste
减少垃圾
take responsibility for sth
承担…责任
save water
节水
impose a ban on sth
禁止
save electricity
节约用电
protect endangered species
保护珍稀物种
turn off the lights when leaving
离开时关灯
wildlife conservative
野生动物保护
buy energy-efficient products
买节能产品
fossil fuel
化石燃料
separate waste
垃圾分类
renewable energy source
可再生能源
nuclear energy
核能
solar energy
太阳能

环境保护措施:例句

the government should take responsibility for air pollution treatment by imposing a ban on releasing waste gas without treatment and building bicycle lanes
enterprises should abandon fossil fuels,adopt renewable energy sources ,such as unclear and solar energy, and improve their energy-saving technologies

TEXT2: 2→ 科技类

思路

科技人际关系思路

影响 具体内容
正面影响 最容易想到的就是,距离的阻碍消除了。过去,如果想要与远方的家人朋友联系,我们只能选择亲自去他们所在的地方,或者用邮寄书信的方式往来。但现在,无论在生活还是工作中,我们都可以实现异地交流。在生活中,我们可以异地聊天;在工作中,我们可以开远程会议。
其次,沟通的时效性增强了。过去,我们沟通要依赖写信。但现在有了微信、QQ等即时通讯软件后,我们可以几乎无延迟地接收和发送信息。
最后,是沟通渠道变得多元化。这个可以从两方面来说。第一,交友途径变多了,我们可以使用多种社交软件建立社交关系,比如微信(WeChat)、豆瓣(Dou ban)、微博(Weibo)等。第二,沟通形式变得丰富了,我们可以借助多种信息载体,比如文字、音频、视频、图片等来表达我们的想法和情感。
三大维度:距离,时效,渠道
距离、时间、渠道这三大维度
反面影响 过度沉迷于网络世界 → 容易使人封闭在自己的空间 → 人们的人际交流能力下降 → 在真实的社交环境中感到不适应、出现交流障碍

从集体或社会层面来看,当大家都对科技上瘾时,就可能会降低人们之间相处的质量。比如:
朋友聚会时,大家都只顾着各自刷手机 → 缺乏人与人之间的真实沟通
过于依赖和信任网上的信息,不能辨别虚假信息 → 造成虚假信息的传播 → 引起误解 → 破坏人们之间的信任 → 阻碍人际关系的发展

科技与工作方式

影响 具体内容
正面影响 最容易想到肯定还是时空上的便利性。比如:
1:互联网 + 沟通协作软件 → 可以让人们灵活选择办公地点,并且实时沟通
除此之外,还有工具的升级。比如:
2:办公软件,如Excel的出现 → 轻松计算并整理数据 → 提升工作效率:
除了上面提到的,科技发展带来另一个新趋势就是任务分配方式的改变。比如:
3:机器人完成机械化、流程化、危险系数高的工作 → 把人从体力劳动中解放出来 → 人们去做更高级的工作
4:人工智能(AI)能够快速从大批量文档中提取关键信息并分类 → 大大减少人工处理信息的时间 → 人们去做更高级的工作
反面影响 首先,最直接的就是,工作中过度使用科技会危害身心健康,进而降低工作质量和效率。比如:
1:长时间使用计算机或电子设备 → 过长的屏幕使用时间 → 过度用眼,视力下降 → 更容易读错信息,造成工作上的失误,工作质量降低;或因为需要花更多精力读取信息,从而工作效率降低
2:长时间在电脑前工作,久坐不起 → 肥胖、颈椎病等健康问题 → 无法全身心投入工作,甚至需要休长时间的病假 → 影响工作
其次,使用过程中可能存在信息安全隐患。比如:
3:使用互联网 → 被黑客入侵,信息泄露 → 财产损失
这里你会发现,第一种思路在实际去写的时候,也会用到很多和健康相关的词汇。在雅思写作Task 2当中,你很可能会用到好几类话题思路来回答一道题,所以全面地积累思路和语料是很有必要的。

科技与贫富差距

影响 具体内容
缩小差距 首先,科技的发展为所有人,包括贫困的群体,都带来了更多积累财富的机会。比如
1:网络商业平台的出现 → 提供更多就业和创业机会 → 给人们带来更多收入来源 → 缩小贫富差距其次,
科技带来了更多教育资源。比如
2:线上教育资源 → 让人们不受地域和空间的限制,都能接受教育 → 更多人能在线上学到知识和技能 → 获得更好的就业机会 → 缩小贫富差距
3:线上公开课程 → 受教育的成本降低,机会增多 → 更好的就业机会 → 缩小贫富差距
最后,科技的发展使得生活成本降低,比如:
4:科技提高生产效率 → 生活必需品的生产成本下降 → 生活必需品的价格降低 → 对贫困人群来说,更容易解决温饱问题,满足基本的生活需求 → 缩小贫富差距
综合上面这些情况来看,我们可以说,科技缩小了贫富差距。
扩大差距 上一部分讲到,科技影响了人们赚钱的机会和能力。但辩证地来看,这一现象也有可能会造成贫富差距的扩大,使得富人更富,穷人更穷
首先,富人更富,具体来说,可能是:富人通常都拥有不可替代的技术、知识、能力,而这些正是推动科技发展的要素。因此,科技越是发展,这些人越是获益。
而穷人更穷,可能是因为:他们往往都缺乏赚钱的机会或者能力,所以通常从事重复性或技术含量更低的工作。然而,随着科技的发展,很多这样的工作都被机器所取代,这些穷人就会失业。更具体的例子可以是:人脸识别技术的广泛应用,可能会替代传统的门卫,这样门卫就可能会失业了。
因此,从这些角度来看,科技也可能会令贫富差距进一步扩大。

相关单词、短语与例句

科技与人际关系:单词

facilitate
使便利
picture
图片
physically travel to see someone
亲自去见某人
emoji
表情符号
instant messaging tools
即时通讯工具
video messaging
视频聊天
communicate without barriers
无障碍交流
hinder interpersonal relationships
妨碍人际关系
give instant access to information
提供及时信息
forms of entertainment
娱乐方式
without any delay
没有延时
addictive
沉迷的,上瘾的
in real time
实时
physically present
在场
become widely available
变的广泛可用
miss the communication with others
错过与他人的交流
social media
社交媒体
….detach us from..
使我们脱离
social network website
社交网站
adolescent
teenager
youth
年轻人
surf the Internet
上网冲浪
less socially active
社交活动变少
friends form all walks of life
各行各业的朋友
develop healthy relationships
发展健康关系
diversify
多样化
an alarming social phenomenon
一个令人担心的问题
means of communication
交流方式
mental problem
心里问题
text
words
言语文字
a dangerous distraction
危险的分散注意力的行动
loneliness
孤独

科技与人际关系:例句

the Internet diversifies our means of communication,and we can make friends with all walks of life through social networking website
when your friends are physically present, everyone is addicted to social media,thus missing the communication with others and hindering interpersonal relationships
being addicted to Internet will detach us from real life and make us less social active,impeding us from developing healthy relationships
being addicted to the Internet for a long time will cause mental problems。 for example, the quality of social life will decrease, creating a sense of loneliness.

科技与工作方式:单词

the advent of Internet
互联网的出现
deterioration of eyesight
视力恶化
a flexible working schedule
灵活的工作安排
mass production
大量生产
video conferencing
视频会议
information security risk
信息安全风险
virtual online offices
虚拟在线网络
get hacked
被黑客攻击
tabulate
制成表格
information leakage
信息泄露
spell-checker
拼写检察器
office software
办公软件
improve work efficiency
提高工作效率
online resource
在线资源
distant learning and working
远程工作学习
reduce risks at work
降低工作的危险
chemical experiment
化学实验
long screen time
屏幕使用时间很长

科技与工作方式:例句

on the one hand, online resources make distant learning and working possible. on the other hand, long screen time will bring about health problems,such as deterioration of eyesight
the Internet brings about information security risks, such as getting hacked and information leakage, which will cause property damage

科技对贫富差距的影响:单词

benefit from…
从…中获益
online open course
网上公开课
human labor
人力劳动
educational cost
教育成本
repetitive work
重复性工作
create employment opportunity
制造就业机会
become unemployed
失业
improve efficiency and productivity
提高生产效率
be further widened
进一步拓展
basic necessary of life
生活必需品
online business platform
网络商业平台

科技对贫富差距的影响:短语

technology will narrow the wealth gap because there are many online open resources ,lowering educational costs. in addition, online business platforms create employment opportunities

TEXT2:3→ 教育类

思路

思路:教育目的

个人需求 实用性需求 就业需求 → 社会竞争大,需要找到好工作。再具体一点,好工作可能是:
1:待遇不错的工作
2:社会地位高的工作
3:符合个人兴趣的工作
4:前景光明的工作
个人发展:追求个人发展 → 需要更综合、更全面的发展,比如培养个人的:
1:批判性思维
2:合作能力
3:批判性思维
4:合作能力
5:沟通能力
6:组织和管理能力
非实用性需求
(精神层面)
发展兴趣爱好 → 更深入地学习自己感兴趣的领域,获得更多快乐和享受
社会需求 社会的实用性需求
(物质层面)
促进社会发展 → 各个领域都需要顶尖人才,为社会进步做贡献
社会的非实用性需求
(精神层面)
提升全民素质 → 追求更和谐的社会,避免战争和冲突,需要提升人们的认知和素养
满足需求 满足个人 需要找到好工作 → 在学校学习知识和技巧,制定职业规划 → 提升就业竞争力
追求个人发展 → 在学校参与课外活动 → 开拓眼界 → 获得更综合、全面的发展
认识来自不同文化和社会经济背景的同学
接触到最前沿的产物,如人工智能
参与各种讲座和会议,了解学术界的最新科研成果
满足社会 大学提供对某个专业的深入学习 → 以培养出在某一领域的顶尖人才 → 这些人走入社会,促进社会的发展

思路:教育手段

教学人员 施教人员的专业性 不同的教育方式可能意味着施教人员在知识储备、教学经验、使用的教学手段上有所不同
教学双方身份的平等性 在某些教育方式中,教师的权威性可能更加突出,而在其他方式中则可能更加平等
教学方式 教学的灵活性和针对性 教育方式的个性化程度。灵活的教育方式可以根据学生的不同学习需求和能力调整学习方案和学习任务。
教学的侧重点 指教学目标在重心上的不同,比如是强调应试能力还是素质教育,是侧重于单个学科的深度学习研究还是更综合性的全面学习,是侧重职业技能教育还是学术教育,
学习方式和内容的多样性 不同的教育方式可能会给学生提供不同的选择,以满足他们的不同需求

相关单词、短语与例句

教育目的:单词

help find a good job
帮助找到一份好工作
independent thinking skill
独立思考的能力
a well-paid job
待遇不错的工作
reading and writing skill
读写能力
a job that fits personal interests
符合个人兴趣的工作
foreign language skill
外语能力
a job that is in a promising industry
前途光明的社会
leadership skill
领导能力
teacher essential knowledge and skills for work
学习工作必需的技能
problem-solving skill
解决问题的能力
help student create their career plan
帮助学生做职业规划
computer skill
计算机能力
lay the foundation for
为…打基础
social skill
社交能力
prepare them for employment
帮助他们为就业打基础
teamwork skill
团队能力
enter the job market
进入就业市场
co-operative-skill
合作能力
develop critical thinking
发展批判思维
communication skill
沟通能力
extra-curricular activity
课外活动
think independently
独立思考
broaden their knowledge about
扩展他们的…知识
develop good learning habits
发展好的学习习惯
encourage imagination
激发想象力
AI
人工智能
expand ones Outlook/ vision/horizons
扩展某人视野
get to know the latest research results in the academia
了解学术的最新成果
limit / restrict one’s outlook vision / horizon
限制想象力
study for the interest
为了兴趣学习
fulfill / achieve one‘s potential
激发某人潜力
attend lectures and conferences
参加讲座与会议
limit / restrict ones potential
限制某人的潜力
talent in a specific field
某一领域的顶尖人才
promote social responsibility
增强社会责任
voluntary activity
unpaid service
non-profit social work
公益活动

教育目的:例句

universities should prepare students for employment,In addition,they help students create career plans, which lays the foundation for entering the job market
education can help students obtain all-round development. For example, learning to write an essay can help develop critical thinking, reading can broaden their outlook and encourage imagination
students who learn for the sake of learning itself can develop good learning habits. they often get to know the latest research results in academia consciously and would like to think independently about the knowledge they learn
parents should help children to study for the interest and help them develop good learning habits at an early age
parents should foster children’s social responsibility early by encouraging them to participate in unpaid service

教育方式:单词

peer
同龄人
teach their children good manners
教给孩子行为良好
peer pressure
同龄人压力
have an influence on
有..影响力
schooling
学校教育
be understanding and supportive
体谅并支持
homeschooling
家庭教育
one on one
一对一
learning outcome
学习效果
fail to fair
无法提供
teaching method
学习方法
tuition fee
学费
parenting style
育儿方式
a flexible way of learning
一种灵活的学习方式
build strong family bonds
增强亲情
a lack of flexibility
缺乏灵活性
emotional needs for children
孩子的情感需求
follow school rules
遵守校规
set a good example for sb
为….树立榜样
well-behaved student
行为良好的学生
role model
榜样
regular attendance
按时出勤
pay attention in class
上课认知听
learn more efficiently
更高效学习
reduce distractions
减少分心
make sb concentrate on sth
使某人集中在某物
distract sb form sth
分散某人在某物的注意力
behave badly
表现很差
disruption student
不守纪律的学生
drop out of school
辍学
bad behaviour
不良行为
self-expression
自我表达
bad language
脏话
a strict dress code
严格的穿衣风格
a form of punishment
承接方式
on-campus violence
校园暴力
emotional punishment
感情上的惩戒
foster creativity
培养创造力
guide children to distinguish the difference between good and bad
引导孩子分辨对错
constrain creativity
限制创造力
a sense of responsibility
duty
obligation
责任感
arouse one‘s curiosity
激发某人的好奇心
honesty
诚实
rear
抚养
damage one’s self-confidence
打击信心
child rearing
抚养孩子
creativity
创造力
mature
grown
成熟的
grown-up
成年的
大人

教育方式:例句

teaching methods and teaching outcomes are various dimensions to measure the quality of schooling
parents should pay attention to emotional needs of children, which will build strong family bonds
parents should not only be understanding and supportive but also need to teach their children good manners
well-behaved student develop self-discipline from an early age。 following school rules and regular attendance are easy for them, so they are usually good at studying and getting high score/ marks
parents should employ a from of punishment to deal with children‘s misbehaviour
emotional punishment may damage children’s confidence and self-expression

TEXT2:4→工作类

思路

思路:工作的意义

实用层面 获得社会资源:金钱、权力、人脉
实现职业发展
掌握工作技能 → 成为更有价值的雇员
获得工作经验 → 获得更多的求职机会
非实用层面 实现自我价值
成就感
满足感
目的感
做义务和慈善工作,,,,,回馈社会

  • 实用性意义

    • 赚钱 → 孩子有零花钱,可以承担自己的开支,分担家庭的经济压力
    • 锻炼实用技能 → 将来找工作时更容易获得工作机会
    • 获取工作经验 → 简历更加丰富 → 在申请学校/工作时脱颖而出
    • ……
  • 非实用性意义

    • 锻炼责任心 → 为自己的行为和结果负责
    • 培养金钱观念 → 知道赚钱不容易 → 养成计划开支的好习惯
    • ……

总结一下,不论题目长什么样,只要它的核心问题是“工作有什么意义”、“有什么好处”、“人为什么要工作”,我们都可以从实用和非实用两个方面分类讨论

思路:工作满意度

从正面论证:

  • 金钱因素

    • 如果有高薪资和福利 → 就能养活自己、养家、实现经济独立 → 工作满意度提高
  • 工作环境

    • 如果有舒适的办公环境 → 就能心情愉悦、工作效率高 → 工作满意度提高
  • 晋升空间

    • 如果有晋升机会 → 就能知道自己的努力是有目标、有结果的 → 提升工作动力 → 工作满意度提高
  • 工作氛围

    • 如果同级之间互相尊重、上司提供支持 → 就能在工作时有归属感 → 工作满意度提高
  • 自我实现空间

    • 如果工作符合个人兴趣/有创造空间 → 就能激发灵感,乐于接受挑战 → 提高工作自主性 → 工作满意度提高

从反面论证:

  • 工作时长

    • 如果工作时间过久 → 过于疲惫、工作效率低 → 没有work-life balance(工作与生活的平衡) → 工作满意度降低
  • 通勤时间

    • 如果通勤时间过长 → 浪费时间、无意义地消耗精力 → 工作满意度降低

思路:求职条件

硬实力

  • 教育背景
  • 学习成绩
  • 工作技能
  • 工作经验

软实力

  • 面试表现
  • 沟通能力
  • 工作态度
  • 性格

真思路

  1. 提出中心句:“我认为XXX很重要。”
  2. 解释情景:解释这个论点成立的具体情景。
  3. 正面推理或反面推理:正面:如果有XXX,就能带来什么好处;反面:如果没有XXX,就会造成什么不好的后果。

这三步能够帮助你搭建一个“证明某事很重要”的完整逻辑框架。我们分别用两个例子来看一下怎么应用。

  1. 中心句:我认为面试表现非常重要。
  2. 解释情景:许多候选人的基础条件都非常优秀,面试是进一步区分候选人的过程。
  3. 正面推理:如果有优异的面试表现,就能从相似条件的人中脱颖而出。
  1. 中心句:我认为大学学历对于找工作很重要。
  2. 解释情景:大学学历是许多公司招聘的门槛。
  3. 反面推理:如果没有大学学历,就会在简历筛选时被淘汰,就不能找到合适的工作。

相关单词、短语与例句

工作的意义:单词

generate income
创造收入
gain work experience
获取工作经验
pay for your own living expense
自己负责生活费
develop a sense of responsibility
发展责任心
financial independent
经济独立
enter the workplace
进入职场
improve living conditions
提高生活水平
a sense of achievement
成就感
career development
职业发展
take the consequence for their behaviour and choices
为他们的行为和选择负责
further one‘s career
扩展某人的事业
develop practical skills
发展实用技能
become a valuable employee
成为一个有价值的员工
offer job opportunities
提供工作机会
chance of promotion
晋升机会

工作的意义:例句

jobs help people to achieve financial independent, allowing individuals improve living conditions and ease the financial burden on their parents, and pursue career development opportunities to further their career
gaining work experience through internships can help individuals develop practical skills,become a valuable employees,and increase their chances of promotion

工作满意度:单词

staff/ worker
员工
the schedule is filled with work
日程填满时间表
pay and benefits
福利薪资
have a personal life
享受个人时间
workplace
工作地点
routine word
工作惯例
facility
设施
work overtime
工作超时
a pleasant working environment
舒适的工作环境
work overload
工作负担过大
job satisfaction
工作满意度
exhausted
疲劳的
boost job efficiency
提高工作效率
reduce the average commute time
降低通勤时间
sick pay
医疗补助
become more motivated
更有动力
paid holidays
带薪假期
be in charge of sth
负责某项工作
work schedule
工作计划
peer
同级
mutually respect each other
彼此尊重
inspiring
激发灵感
relationship with supervisor
和上级的关系
job prospect
工作前景
supportive relationship
支持性关系
a stable career
一份稳定的工作
equal relationship
平等关系
job security
工作稳定性
a sense of belonging
归属感
jobless people
失业人员
match ones personal interests
符合个人兴趣

工作满意度:例句

in a pleasant working environment,there will be convenient facilities to help staff,which will boost job efficiency
mutually respect each other in the workplace will create supportive and equal relationships

求职条件:单词

job applicant
求职者
hard skills
硬技能
college degree
大学文凭
loyalty
忠诚
recruit employees
招聘员工
win ones favour
获取青睐
job requirement
职位要求
physical work
体力劳动
academic achievement
成绩
mental work
脑力劳动
interview performance
面试表现
stand out from the candidates
从应聘者中脱颖而出
experienced
有经验的
internship experience
实习经验
demonstrate competence in…
能胜任某项工作
soft skills
软实力

求职条件:例句

many companies prioritize college degree when recruiting employees, as they consider them essential for meeting job requirements and demonstrating both academic achievement and practical skills
having an impressive interview performance is crucial for job applicants to demonstrate competence in a specific field ,especially,when they may not have extensive internship experience

TEXT2:5→金钱

思路

思路:金钱的作用

  • 个人

    • 实用需求(物质):解决基本的温饱/住宿问题、购物
    • 非实用需求(精神):追求知识、发展兴趣爱好、享乐
  • 国家

    • 实用需求:发展经济,解决国民基本的医疗、住房等社会问题
    • 非实用需求:发展文化、艺术、体育等产业,提升国家的软实力

列出这些观点后,在具体展开论证时,我们可以通过分情况讨论,来具象化这些观点。比如,我们可以把个人的需求按富裕程度的不同来分情况讨论:

  • 极度贫困的人

    • 解决温饱
    • 获得住宿
  • 有基本生活保障的人

    • 赡养家人
    • 接受教育
  • 更富裕的人

    • 追求新奇体验
    • 购买更精美的物品
    • 发展兴趣爱好

同样的分情况讨论还可以用于回答金钱对国家的作用。拿不同的国家举例,钱能满足的需求也有差别:

  • 贫困国家

    • 解决国民基本生存问题,如食物、饮水、住房等
  • 发达国家

    • 为国民提供更好的生活条件,如医疗、教育、科技等

这道题实际上在问金钱是否能带来幸福。前面我们讲了很多金钱能满足的需求,你可以直接利用这部分思路,论证这些需求被满足后人能感到幸福。这里老师要提醒你在审题时要仔细看,这道题的问法比较特殊,你要同意的观点是否定的(“any additional increase in economic wealth does not make its citizens happier”,额外的经济和财富增长不会增加公民幸福感)。所以你在表达立场时要说:我反对这个观点,因为我认为金钱会增加公民的幸福感。原因是:

公民个人来说,财富可以让一个人:

  • 获得优渥的生活条件 → 提升生活质量 → 增强幸福感
  • 做自己想做的事 → 发展个人爱好 → 增强幸福感

整个国家来说,财富增长可以:

发展高端医疗技术 → 治愈更多的疾病 → 提高公民幸福感

发展高水平教育 → 提供丰富的学习机会和资源 → 提高公民幸福感

思路:金钱的分配模式

  • 贫富差距的好处

    • 对个人:起激励作用 → 那些从事高难度工作或对社会做出巨大贡献的人,值得更多的报酬
    • 对社会:增强公民的工作动机 → 满足社会对人才的需求 → 推进社会的发展,给整个国家带来许多经济效益 → 政府的投资能够得到更好的回报
  • 贫富差距的坏处

    • 对个人:财富分配失均时 → 引起穷人的不满 → 滋生反社会情绪 → 引发违法犯罪
    • 对社会:贫富差距过大 → 政府需要花更多的钱支持穷人、提供更多的工作机会、赡养老人等 → 增大政府的压力

  • 从正面说:

    • 对个人:

      • 医护人员和教师等人为社会做出的贡献大 → 值得更多的报酬
    • 对社会

      • 对医护人员和教师提高奖励 → 激励更多的人投身这类工作 → 提升社会整体的教育和医疗水平
  • 从反面说:

    • 如果娱乐界人士收入过高 → 吸引更多的人投身娱乐行业 → 实用行业的就业吸引力下降 → 不利于经济发展
  • 政府资金要满足的需求 → 促进国家发展

    • 如果学生们的科学素养高 → 能够保障国家的科技发展

      • → 科技发展可以推动医疗、教育、环境和社会保障等其他领域的持续发展 → 提升国家整体生活水平
      • → 科技发展可以带来技术创新、产业升级 → 能给整个国家带来许多经济效益
    • → 因此,政府的投资就能够得到更好的回报

    • 反之,如果投入其他学科,比如艺术类 → 这些学科更关注文化传承、艺术创新等 → 无法解决实际问题,对经济的贡献相对有限 → 不如投资科学

相关单词、短语与例句

金钱的作用:单词

make money
earn money
赚钱
government spending
政府支出
need
需求
poor country
贫困 国家
basic need
基本需求
tax people‘s country
向人们征税
demand
需求
enterprise
firm
company
企业
desire
渴望
profit and loss
盈利与亏损
make ends meet
收支平衡
media attention
媒体关注
rent
租金
living cost
生活费
standard of living
生活水平
afford sth
买得起某物
be too expensive for sb
超过某人的消费能力
clean water
净水
shelter
庇护所
military
军事

金钱的作用:例句

developing countries often face challenges in generating sufficient revenue,which hinders their ability to implement effective policies。 however,developed countries have more robust system in place to tax people’s income and allocate fund for development

金钱的分配模式:单词

reward
奖品
violate lows
触犯法律
highly risk job
高危工作
commit a crime
犯罪
astronaut
宇航员
place a heavy burden on the government
增大政府的眼里
construction worker
建筑工人
financial support
财政支持
justified
合情合理的
financial issue
财政话题
demanding job
高要求的工作
financial burden
财政负担
jobs that demand rare talent and hard work
需要天赋与努力的工作
job opportunity
工作机会
make great contributions to
为社会做出巨大贡献
sufficient labor
充足的劳动力
those think high incomes are unfair
那些认为高收入不公平的人
support a family
养家糊口
wealth gap
inequality
不公正
saving
储蓄
meet society‘s demand for talents
满足社会对人才的需求
generate economic benefits
带来经济效益
boost the economy
促进经济发展
feel resentment toward the rich
对富人不满

金钱的分配模式:例句

highly risk jobs such as astronaut or construction worker often require exceptional skills and bravery,Therefore, offering substantial reward is crucial to attracting individuals to undertake these demanding jobs

TEXT2:6→犯罪

思路

思路:犯罪的原因与预防

所谓内在原因,就是人/物自身产生的因素,而外在原因指的是外界环境产生的因素。利用这个框架,我们可以把导致一个人犯罪的原因归类:

  • 内在原因

    • 性格问题:个体性格孤僻、共情力低下、反社会人格等
    • 法律意识淡薄:个体法律知识少、藐视法律等
  • 外在原因

    • 人际关系:与周围人关系不佳或有矛盾、被周围人教唆犯罪
    • 社会原因:遭受社会不公正的对待、对某种社会现象不满
    • 经济原因:经济形势下滑,导致贫困、失业、遭遇经济变故而难以生存
    • 法律体系漏洞:立法执法环节中有监管盲区,被人钻空子

我们来拿一道真题看一下,对具体的题目,我们应该怎么回答。

Many ex-prisoners continue to commit crimes even after being punished for it. Why do you think this happens? How can we solve this problem?

题目问:“刑满释放人员在受到惩罚后仍继续犯罪。为什么会出现这种情况?怎么解决这个问题?”

这道题的犯罪主体就是非常具体的“ex-prisoners”,前科犯。他们与初次犯罪的人最大的区别就在于,他们已经受过了刑罚,但是依然再次犯罪。我们按照前面列出的主观和客观原因来思考,并把它们具象化到具体的场景之中。

拿这道题来说,出狱后的罪犯面临的最大问题可能是如何重新融入社会,所以我们可以围绕这一点来展开。因此,他们再次犯罪的原因可能是:

  • 内在原因

    • 性格问题:报复心重 → 惩罚加重了对社会的仇视 → 再犯罪
    • 思想观念:在狱中并未完全被改造 → 再犯罪
  • 外在原因

    • 人际关系:入狱导致家人、朋友等的离散 → 社会关系破裂 → 再犯罪
    • 社会原因:社会对罪犯有偏见 → 受到歧视 → 产生仇恨敌对情绪 → 再犯罪
    • 经济原因:受到歧视 → 找不到工作 → 缺乏经济来源,无法支持生活 → 再犯罪
    • 法律体系漏洞:出狱后缺乏监管 → 再犯罪

那么,针对这些原因,我们就可以提出相应的解决措施。

  • 针对内在原因

    • 针对报复心重 → 执法部门提高执法能力,增强法律的威慑效果 → 防止再犯罪
    • 针对没有被完全改造 → 执法部门加强服刑人员思想教育 → 防止再犯罪
  • 针对外在原因

    • 针对社会关系破裂 → 政府建立出狱人士支持组织,提供社交机会和心理咨询服务 → 增强社会归属感 → 防止再犯罪
    • 针对受到社会偏见 → 政府加强社会宣传工作,减轻大众对出狱人员的抵触 → 有助于出狱人员回归社会 → 防止再犯罪
    • 针对找不到工作 → 政府在狱中开展职业技能教育,并提供出狱人员工作机会,保障其基本生活 → 防止再犯罪
    • 针对缺乏有效监管 → 执法部门建立完善严格的追踪系统 → 防止再犯罪

到这里,我们已经发散出了很多论点,你可以自己动笔写写消化一下这部分内容。

思路:犯罪的处理方式

一般情况下,我们最先想到就是伸张正义,让罪犯罪有应得。但今天,我们可以学到更深远的目的,比如维护社会秩序、降低犯罪率、保护公民安全等。老师给你提供一个分情况讨论的框架,我们可以分别从罪犯、社会和司法体系这三个角度去讨论某个处罚会带来什么影响,从而判断它们的优缺点:

  • 对罪犯

    • 是否让罪犯受到了应有的惩罚?
    • 是否达到了改造罪犯的目的?
  • 对社会

    • 是否能够震慑潜在罪犯,降低犯罪率?
    • 是否能够维护社会安定,保护公众权益?
  • 对司法体系

    • 是否高效?
    • 是否足够公平公正?

我们用一道典型的真题来练习

相关单词、短语与例子

再犯罪的原因:单词

convict
criminal
lawbreaker
law offenders
罪犯
be released form prison
出狱
thief
小偷
get detached from
脱离
murderer
杀人犯
social relations
社会关系
first-time offender
初犯
break down
破裂
ex-convict
ex-prisoner
有前科的人
be not accepted by society
不被社会认可
repeat offender
惯犯
discrimination
歧视
offend
violate the law
break the law
commit crime
犯罪
prejudice
偏见
become a criminal
变成罪犯
be prejudicially treated
受到区别对待
reoffend
re-offend
再次犯罪
financially helpless
经济困难的
pose a threat to society
危害社会
seek revenge on society
报复社会
seek revenge on the victime
复仇导致入狱的受害者
have no respect for the law
对法律不尊重

再犯罪的原因:例句

first-time offenders should be given a chance at rehabilitation rather then immediately labelled a lifelong criminals,thus preventing them form reoffend
murders have no respect for laws,they are likely to seek revenge on society after being released form prison
upon being released form prison,criminals often struggle to rebuild their society relations,as the period of imprisonment made them detached from society
ex-prisoners always face discrimination and can not be accepted by society,which may lead to them financial helpless

应对再次犯罪的措施:单词

for the law enforcement
针对执法系统
judge
法官
improve lan enforcement
提高执法能力
lawyer
律师
for the law itself
针对法律本身
establish support organisations
成立支持组织
unfair
不公平
offer counselling services
提供咨询服务
effective supervision
有效监督
start
set up
establish
建立设立
deter sb from committing a crime
阻止别人犯罪
set up a support centre
increase the number of police officers on the street
加大巡警的数量
set up a fund
创立一个基金会
combat crimes
打击法嘴
start/establish a new policy
设立一个新的政策
prevent crimes
阻止犯罪
start/establish a set of regulation
设立一套规则
reinforce the law enforcement
加强执法部门
offer/ provide vacational training
提供就业培训
enforce the law
强制实施法律
offer/provide after-prison support
提供出狱后的支持
enforce the regulation
强制实施规章
help them have a fresh start
支持他们一个新的开始
enforce the policy
强制实施政策
criminal records
犯罪记录
establish an advanced tracking system
建立先进的追踪系统

应对再次犯罪的措施:例句

to effective prevent crime,we need to improve law enforcement and implement effective supervision ,especially for repeat offenders
for the laws itself, a fair legal system that aims to eliminate unfair ellements is key to preventing crime
reinforcing the law reforcement departments and effectively enforcing regulats can strengthen a country‘s ability to prevent crimes。
apart from enforcing the policy fair,establishing support organizations and offering counselling services can be better at helping ex-criminals reintegrate into society and overcome their challenges
it is crucial to start a set of regulations that offer vacational training for ex-criminals,followed by offering after-prison support to ensure that they smoooth transition the workforce
for the lack of effective supervision, it is essential to establish an advanced tracking system,enhancing efficiency of criminal records

犯罪的处罚方式:单词

enhance efficiency
提高效率
be put in prison
进监狱
vague
模糊
a well-functioning judicial system
健全的法律系统
collect evidence
收集证据
advanced
发达的
a great challenge
巨大挑战
respect the law
尊重法律
consume a significant amount of time and human resources
耗费大量的人力物力
make the punishment fit the crime
惩罚与罪行相符
increase the effectiveness of conviction
提高判决的有效性
those who caused harm to others
对其他人造成伤害的人
escape punishment
逃避惩罚
deserve severe punishment
应高大惩戒
decrease the crime rate
降低犯罪率
self-defense
自我防卫
maintain public safey and stability
维护社会安全与稳定
reduced punishment
较轻的惩罚
ensure the safety of other citizens
保障其他市民的安全
pay a fine
支付罚款
obey the law
遵守法律

犯罪的处罚方式:例句

in order to achieve justice, it is important to make the punishment fit the crime,especially for those who have caused harm to others,as they deserve severe punishment as a deterrent
efficient law enforcement measures are necessary to prevent criminals from escaping punishment,decrease the crime rate,and maintain public safety and stability thereby ensuring the safety of other citizens
the process of investigating complex case can consume a significant amount of time and human resources ,but it is essential to increase the effectiveness of conviction
in legal case, interpreting vague laws or regulations can pose a great challenge when collecting evidence

TEXT2:7→生活

思路

考点:生活方式与人生选择

第一步:分析原因

总的来说,影响我们如何生活的主观原因大致可以分为:

主观 价值观:比如金钱观、爱情观、道德观等
个人成长经历:比如家庭、交友、教育背景、工作经历等
兴趣爱好:个人感兴趣的领域
性格特点:比如内向或外向、理性或感性等
客观 经济条件:比如收入水平和稳定性、开支负担等
社会氛围:比如传统习俗、流行文化、竞争压力、政策法规的宽严程度等
居住环境:比如居住地的交通、教育医疗资源、气候和生态环境等

第二步:评价影响

  • 对个人

    • 影响其物质条件:比如个人的经济状况、消费能力和负债水平等
    • 影响其思维模式:比如塑造不同的价值观、信仰、态度等
    • 影响其生活状态:比如身心健康、工作状态、休闲方式、交际圈等
  • 对社会

    • 影响经济发展:比如就业机会、经济稳定性等
    • 影响社会风气:如文化传承、竞争和压力强度、消费习惯等
    • 影响公民幸福:比如人口素质、治安水平、人际关系、开放和平等程度、气候与环境等

如果进一步展开上面的这些思考维度,你就会发现之前我们学过的很多思路(金钱、工作甚至环境等)都能派上用场了,这也是我们一直强调的“思路要活用”。那么接下来,我们就基于这些大的思考方向和方法,用两道真题来实操练习一下。

思路实战

先来看主观上,可能有哪些因素导致人们想要购买名牌。

主观原因

  • 价值观

    • 炫耀心态:名牌象征成功、财富和社会地位 → 可以用来炫耀展示自己 → 所以购买名牌
    • 攀比心态:喜欢与人比较 → 看到周围人都在用名牌产品,不甘人后 → 自己也要买名牌
    • 认同名牌的品质和价值 → 认为名牌质量好、耐用性高 → 购买名牌作为长期使用价值的保障,甚至作为投资产品
  • 兴趣爱好

    • 对时尚领域感兴趣,追求潮流 → 喜欢名牌独特的设计风格 → 购买或收藏名牌

客观原因

  • 经济条件

    • 社会总体经济水平提高 → 人们的购买力增强 → 想获得更高级的质量、服务或设计
  • 社会氛围

    • 名牌产品往往有更强大的广告营销力度和创意 → 更容易影响人们的消费观念→ 吸引更多人想要买名牌
    • 在一些社交群体中,拥有相同的名牌产品暗示相似的社会阶层或时尚品味 → 为了融入群体、获得认同或归属感而购入名牌

对于个人的反面影响

  • 影响其物质条件

    • 购买超出消费能力的产品 → 浪费辛苦工作赚来的钱 → 造成负债等经济负担
  • 影响其思维模式

    • 期望通过名牌带来社会地位、声望和认可 → 欲望无止境 → 形成恶性循环,养成不健康的消费习惯

对于社会的反面影响

  • 影响经济发展

    • 越来越多的人只消费名牌产品 → 缺少品牌知名度的企业会失去顾客 → 名牌企业占领甚至垄断市场 → 市场竞争失衡、活力下降损害经济发展
  • 影响社会风气

    • 很多人追求名牌 → 推崇外在而不重视内在 → 形成攀比、炫富的不良风气
  • 影响公民幸福

    • 企业为了提升销量 → 把资源都投入在品牌营销上 → 产品研发本身不受重视 → 产品质量停滞不前甚至下降损害消费者利益

同样的,这些思路对于一篇大作文来说,也完全够用了。

相关单词、短语与例句

生活方式(分析原因)

due to external factors
因为外在的客观原因
the intention to show off
炫耀的心态
out of intrinsic incentives
基于内在的驱动
be born with the instinct to compete
有竞争的本能
boost the sales of
提高…的销量
hate to fall behind ones peers
讨厌落于人后
fashionable design
时尚的设计
social pressure
社交压力
made with high-quality materials
用料考究
obtain a sense of belonging
获得一种归属感
post-purchase consumer service
售后服务
advertising
广告

例句

with the intention to show off,people often buy fancy product
therefore,companies can boost the sales of products by adding fashionable designs and the commitment to offer post-purchase customer services
some people persue famous brands as these brands can boost their self-esteem, after all , people are born with instintc to compete and hate to fall behind their peers

生活方式(评价好坏)

put a financial burden on customers
给消费者带来经济负担
lose ones customers
失去顾客
daily necessary
生活必需品
dominate the market
主导市场
economically friendly
经济友好的
spend resource on branding
资源花在市场营销上
brandless
无品牌
product development
产品开发
substitute
替代品
product quality
产品质量
a waste of hard-earned money
浪费辛苦钱
chase after
追逐
unhealthy shopping habits
不健康的消费习惯

例句

apart from being a waste of hard-earned money,unhealthy shopping habits can put individuals in debt and them trapped in a vicious cycle
if consumers focus in chase after famous brands,these big companies will dominate the market,causing other businesses lose their customers。
this could further lead to a decrease in product quality,as more companies will spend resources on branding rather than product development

人生选择(分析原因)

costs of raising a child
养育孩子的成本
delay parenthood
推迟做父母
budget for a new baby
为生孩子的预算
value individualism
看中个人独立
costs of childcare
儿童保育的花费
unwilling to take responsibility for rearing a child
不愿意被养育责任束缚
tuition fee
学费
enjoy a child-free life
享受没有孩子的生活
have a baby
生孩子
personal choice
个人选择
not financially prepare to be parents
没有在成为父母的经济准备
less external pressure
外部压力减小
hard to maintain the work-life balance
难以维持工作与生活的平衡
not in a rush
不着急
make a choice between career and family
事业与家庭二选一

例句

Many individuals are facing difficulty in making a choice between career and family, leading them to delay parenthood and valueindividualism, as they may be unwilling to take responsibility forrearing a child, preferring to enjoy a child-free life.
in the past ,having children was more like an inevitable part in life
however,having babies today become a personal choice
with less external pressure, people are not in a rush to start a family after reaching adulthood

人生选择(评价好坏)

provide children with a better quality of life
给孩子更好的生活条件
be more educate and civilized
更文明
better education resources
更好的教育资源
have long-term positive impacts on
有长远好处
have time and energy to develop hobbies
有时间和金钱发展兴趣
increase the risk of …
增加风险
think in a more mature way
思想更成熟
older mother
高龄产妇
have a stronger sense of responsibility
更有责任心
during pregnancy
怀孕期间
be willing to devote more efforts to nurturing kids
愿意为孩子付出
cautious
小心的
enjoy more personal time
享受更多的个人时间
unavailable risks
不可避免的风险
make the most of their life in their youth
充分利用青春年华
a noticeable risk factor
不可忽视的因素
fulfill their career ambition at an early age
趁年轻打拼事业
mentally demanding
智力要求
boost economic growth
促进经济发展
slow down the economic progress
延缓经济发展
spend the most youthful and energetic time of their life working
把他们最年轻力壮的时光给工作
delay ones parenthood
晚育
productive workforce
高效的劳动力
brith rate
生育率
quality of population
整体国民素质
in the long term
长远来看
a decrease in human labour
劳动力减少

例句

Delaying parenthood can increase the risk of pregnancy and deliveryfor older mothers. It is essential to make them cautious during pregnancy, as there are unavoidable risks associated with advanced maternal age.

TEXT2:8→健康类

思路

考点1:造成健康问题的原因和解决措施

造成健康问题的原因:主观和客观

在讲原因时,我们可以从主观和客观两个维度来分析。这个方法,我们之前在《Task 2 犯罪类思路》中学习过。你先通过下面这道练习测试一下,看看自己是否已经掌握了这个方法。

  • 主观原因

    • 饮食不健康:经常吃油炸食品、甜品等高热量食物,不吃水果蔬菜 → 可能造成肥胖、内脏负担
    • 缺乏运动:久坐不起、出行只坐车等 → 可能造成关节疼痛、近视等
    • 不良生活习惯:吸烟、喝酒、熬夜等 → 可能造成免疫力下降、内脏负担
  • 客观原因
    • 生活压力大:

      • 社会工作和学习生活节奏普遍较快 → 无法保持健康作息 → 可能造成亚健康
      • 工作、学习、社交压力大 → 可能造成心理问题
    • 环境污染:现代城市空气污染严重 → 可能造成呼吸道疾病

    • 外界诱惑多:现代人生活水平上升 → 食物选择多、容易暴食 → 可能造成肥胖

    • 遗传:肥胖、近视等疾病可能会遗传 → 子女容易得这种病

*这里有一个小细节提醒一下。注意老师在写上述逻辑链条时,用到了“可能造成”这样的表达。这样做是为了避免话说得太过绝对,因为我们列出的原因并不是一定会导致后面的问题。这种表达称之为“模糊语”(hedging),是雅思写作中的一种高分技巧。老师建议你在写大作文的时候,要论证逻辑关系时,也可以视情况用上模糊语,不要写得太过绝对。

提出措施:个人和政府

我们已经在犯罪类思路中学习过,讨论措施的时候,可以对照前面的原因给出解决方案。在健康类话题中,最容易想到的措施可能就是“养成健康的生活方式”,但光说这一点会显得有点空。这时,我们就可以用分情况讨论的方法,按照不同的主体来提出措施。比如,我们可以按个人和政府来讨论:

  • 针对主观原因

    • 针对饮食不健康

      • 个人应该养成健康均衡的饮食习惯、少摄入垃圾食品
      • 政府应该多支持和鼓励健康食品的研发和售卖
    • 针对缺少锻炼

      • 个人需要加强体育锻炼、适当走路或骑车出行
      • 政府应该提倡全民运动,多修建体育设施、举办体育活动
    • 针对不良生活习惯

      • 个人应该戒除吸烟、喝酒等不良习惯
      • 政府应该限制烟酒的购买,比如禁止未成年人购买、数量限购等
  • 针对客观原因

    • 针对生活节奏快压力大

      • 个人可以多发展兴趣爱好,比如进行运动、冥想、做手工等解压活动
      • 政府应该保障劳动权益,杜绝高强度加班现象
    • 针对环境污染

      • 个人可以购买空气净化器、佩戴防雾霾口罩
      • 政府应该进行环境治理,提高空气质量;用法律法规限制企业在生产时的废料污染
    • 针对外界诱惑多

      • 个人应该谨慎选择食物
      • 政府可以加强营养学知识的普及
    • 针对遗传

      • 个人应该改善生活习惯,防止疾病进一步演化
      • 针对某些疾病,政府可以发展医疗水平,开展预防工作

总的来说,如果你拿到一道健康类的题,要求你分析原因和措施,那么就尝试用到我们刚才说的,分析主观和客观原因的方法去发散;发散出了原因,措施也就水到渠成了。再上一个台阶来看,你需要学会把主观(内在)和客观(外在)原因这个分析框架灵活运用在各类话题上,这也是一直在强调的

考点2:医疗措施

相关单词、短语与例句

健康类:健康问题的原因和影响

unhealthy diets
不健康的饮食
pressure from work social life family and so on
来自工作 社交 家庭的压力
cause obesity
导致肥胖
suffer from mental health problems
承受心理问题
eat out
外出吃饭
further influence physical health
进一步影响生理健康
home-made meals
自制膳食
a variety of choices for food
丰富的食物选择
consume a large quantity of high-calorie foods
吃了许多高热量的食物
convenient and tasty fast food
可口方便的快餐
fried foods
油炸食品
all kinds of snakes
形形色色的零食
a low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables
果蔬摄入不足
hard to resist
难以抵抗
sugar intake
糖分摄入
genetic factors
基因因素
calorie intake
热量摄入
be prone to become fat
be obesity-prone
容易发胖
a lack of exercise
缺乏锻炼
pre-prepared meals
预制菜
a lack of sleep
缺乏睡眠
convenience foods
方便食品
a sedentary job
需要久坐的工作
immune system
免疫系统
a sedentary lifestyle
久坐的生活方式
chronic disease
慢性疾病
show a preference for
对….展出爱好
high blood pressure
高血压
maintain a healthy daily routine
维持一个健康的作息
be deficient in
缺乏某种营养
a desk job
扶岸类工作
be rich in
富含某种营养

例句

The increasing trend of consuming a large quantity of high-caloriefoods, particularly fried foods, contributes to elevated sugar andcalorie intake, which is a significant factor in the rising prevalence ofobesity.
The combination of a sedentary lifestyle due to long working hoursand a busy lifestyle, often accompanied by a lack of sleep, makes itdifficult to maintain a healthy daily routine.

健康类:健康问题的解决措施

have a healthy and balanced diet
养成健康均衡的饮食习惯
regular exercise
规律运动
de more physical exercise
加强体育锻炼
jogging
慢跑
burn more calories
燃烧更多卡路里
yoga
瑜伽
change the mode of transportation
改变交通工具
meditation
冥想
take a walk after eating
饭后散步
build healthy bones and muscles
塑造健康的骨骼和肌肉
improve digestion
改善消化
avoid becoming obese
避免肥胖
improve daily routine
改善生活作息
improve physical and mental health
促进身心健康
follow a regular schedule
遵守固定作息
outdoor sports
户外运动
eat meals at regular time
按时吃饭
foods nutritional content
食品的营养成分
release stress in health ways
健康的释放压力
health-conscious
注重健康

例句

To improve digestion and a daily routine, it is recommended to take awalk after eating every day, eat meals at a regular time, and keep thebody clock on track.
Engaging in outdoor sports not only improves physical and mentalhealth but also allows individuals to be more health-conscious bybeing mindful of food’s nutritional content.

健康类:医疗服务(私营/公共医疗)相关

medical service
health care service
医疗服务
health professionals
医护人员
profit-making companies
盈利性质的公司
put financial burden on the government
给政府造成巨大的压力
private companies
私人公司
balance other budget
预算平衡
receive timely treatment
得到及时的治疗
neglect other issues
忽视其他问题
a basic right to health
基本的健康权
shorten waiting lists for operations and appointments
缩短手术与预约名单
lower the costs of health care
降低了医疗花销
basic care and emergency care
基础医疗与紧急医疗
equal access to health care
平等的获取医疗
specialist
专门医师
improve public health
提高公民的健康水平
dentist
牙医
have a more productive workforce
劳动力更高效
treat ones health wisely
be responsible for one‘s health
对自己的健康负责
bring economic benefits
带有经济效益
stimulate innovation
刺激研发创新
take everybody into account
顾及所有人
private hospital
私立医院
boost the development of society
促进社会发展
long-term benefits
长远的好处
face difficult (in) doing sth
在….有困难
invest in up-to-date medical equipment
投资先进的医疗设备

例句

Ensuring equal access to health care is essential as it not onlyupholds a basic right to health but also takes everybody intoaccount, allowing individuals to receive timely treatment and ultimately lowering the costs of health care for the entire population.
Some people may opt for health care services from private companies as they believe they can receive timely treatment, ratherthan waiting in the public health care system..

健康类:医疗服务(传统医疗/中医)

alternative medicine
替代疗法
side effect
副作用
herbal medicine
草药
be tested scientifically
经过科学测试
treat virus
治疗病毒
trust the opinion of qualified doctors
听从职业医生的建议

例句

Investing in up-to-date medical equipment can put financial pressureon the government.In order to balance the budget, the governmentmay ignore other issues.
ln addition to traditional approaches, alternative medicines such asherbal medicine, acupuncture, and other natural remedies can beconsidered for treating viruses.However, individuals need to beaware of potential side effects.

TEXT2:9→艺术类

思路

考点1:文化艺术的价值/作用

这些具体的场景,我们可以发散出文化艺术分别能满足个人和社会的哪些需求,由此将文化艺术的价值大致分为以下这几类:

对个人

实用价值

  • 提升个人能力:如创造力、想象力、审美水准等 → 这些能力有助于提升个人认知水平和综合素养,进而帮助个人更好地完成学习或工作任务,或在实际工作中创造价值

非实用价值

  • 情感宣泄:文艺作品能够表达情感和思想 → 创作或接触文艺作品 → 个人能与作品共鸣,进行情感宣泄
  • 提供娱乐消遣:参与文艺活动 → 能够缓解压力,愉悦身心
  • 美学享受:艺术作品能够提供美学享受 → 让人们享受审美体验 → 增添生活乐趣

对社会

实用价值

  • 促进经济发展:文化艺术产业繁荣发展 → 提供就业机会、促进消费 → 增加经济效益
  • 促进社会和谐发展:文化艺术作品能够提供审美和精神享受 → 增强公民幸福感和社会凝聚力 → 促进社会和谐发展

非实用价值

  • 传承传统文化:文化艺术是文化遗产的重要载体 → 能够保护和传承本土文化

  • 促进文化创新:文化艺术能促进不同文化间的交流和理解 → 有助于增进文化多样性,促进文化创新

  • 塑造国家形象:文化艺术能够展示一个国家的独特文化 → 有助于塑造良好的国际形象

考点2:开放与保守的文化态度

相关单词、短语和政府

文化艺术类:文化艺术的作用

artistic works
艺术作品
offer future generations a glimpse of contemporary society
让人类的后代看见当前社会
enrich people’s souls
丰富人的灵魂
soft power of a country
一个国家软实力
go to a concert
听一场音乐会
promote international influence and attraction
提升国际影响力与吸引力
see a play in a theater
去剧场看喜剧
countries with rich cultures
culturally rich countries
文化底蕴深厚的国家
appreciate artistic works in a gallery or museum
去画廊或博物馆看艺术品
attract a great number of tourists and scholars
吸引大量的游客学者
make people feel delighted
让人感到心情愉悦
a happier society
一个更幸福的社会
touched
感动的
a more cultural people
公民素质更高
inspired
受到启发
a people
一个国家的国民
create art
创作艺术
audience
观众
as a means of self-expression
一种自我表达的方式
reflect society
a reflect of society
reflection of society
对社会的映射
release stress and anxiety
释放焦虑不安
a witness of certain era
witnesses of a certain era
一个时代的见证
superficial
肤浅的
document
证书
find self-esteem and a sense of belonging
需要自尊和归属感
ups and downs
兴衰沉浮
culture identity
文化认同
historical sites
历史遗址
incorporate more art into people‘s daily life
给人们日常更多艺术
intangible cultural heritage
非物质文化遗产
change people’s mindset
改变人的心态
keep remain sth intact
保持完好
get pleasant from other types of activities
从其他活动获取享受
vanish
消失
core values
核心价值观
strengthen social bonds
增强社会纽带
preserve cultural heritage
保留文化遗产

例句

Art, in its various forms, offers an escape from the stressful world,as it has the power to make people feel delighted , touched, andinspired, allowing them to tap into their creativity and create art.
Embracing art and cultural experiences can help counteract amaterialistic mindset, allowing individuals to find self-esteem, asense of belonging, and a deeper connection to their culturalidentity.
Promoting cultural events can effectively boost solidarity amongcommunity members, disseminate cultural knowledge, and reinforcecore values, ultimately strengthening social bonds.
Culturally rich countries not only attract a great number of touristsand scholars but also foster a happier society, cultivating a morecultured people who appreciate the heritage and traditions of theirnation.

文化艺术类:(开放或保守)文化态度

learn about local culture
学习当地文化
persevere cultural diversity
保存当地文化多样性
discover different customs and lifestyles
发现不同的风俗与生活方式
avoid damage to cultures
避免文化损失
experience local life in person
亲身体验本土生活
a loss for all of humanity
全人类的损失
respect local customs
遵从当地习俗
energy-consuming
消耗体力
avoid dangerous situations
避免一些危险
not able to fully enjoy the trip
无法全身心的享受旅行
various cultural taboos
不同的文化禁忌
be cautions of one’s behaviors
注意某人的行为举止
unspoken rules
不成文的规定
learn new language and customs from tourist
从旅客上学新语言风俗
disrespectful manners
不尊重他人的举动
communication across cultures
跨文化交流
a serious offense to the natives
对当地人的很大冒犯
spend one‘s holidays here
在这里度假
be incompatible with sth
和某事物冲突
boost the travel industry
促进旅游业
cultivate one‘s cultural competence
培养文化素质
host country
东道主国家
keep an open mind
保持开放心态
be drawn to do sth
被吸引做某事
open-minded
开明的
welcome cultural differences
欢迎文化差异
tolerant
包容的
dominant
主导的
get along with people from different cultures
和不同文化背景的人相处
mainstream
主流的
cause misunderstanding and conflict
导致误会和争执
global languages
全球化的语言
minority languages
小语种
monolingual
单一语种的
bilingual
双语的
language barriers
语言障碍
multicultural society
多元化社会

例句

Preserving cultural diversity during tourism activities is crucial toavoid damage to cultures, as the disappearance of unique culturaltraditions would be a loss for all of humanity.
when tourists choose to spend their holidays here, it not onlycontributes to the economic development of the host country, butalso reflects their inclination to be drawn to travel to a destinationthat welcomes cultural differences.
Visiting local markets and interacting with residents allows travellersto learn about local culture, discover different customs and lifestyles,and experience local life in person, fostering an appreciation andrespect for local customs.
Sometimes, sticking to primitive customs can be incompatible withthe values and progress of modern society.
完结